Mliri wa coronavirus wakhudza Sri Lanka osati pamiyoyo ya anthu komanso momwe alili pantchito koma chifukwa chakugwa kwakukulu kwachuma mdziko muno.
Zosungirako zaku Sri Lanka zatsika mpaka pafupifupi $1.6 biliyoni pofika Novembala 2021, zomwe zidadabwitsa dziko lonselo.
Popeza kuti nkhokwe zakunja zikucheperachepera komanso kubera ndalama mumsampha wangongole, dzikoli likukumana ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.
Sri Lanka yatsala pang'ono kugwa, pomwe nzika zopitilira theka la miliyoni zikukhala mu umphawi kuyambira 2020.
Nkhani yathu idzafotokoza zonse zokhudza vuto la Sri Lanka, kumene linachokera, ndi kumene likupita.
Mavuto a ku Sri Lanka: Chiyambi chachidule
Sri Lanka idawona kukwera kwa ngongole kalekale mliri wa coronavirus usanachitike kuyambira 2014.
Komabe, ngongole idafika pafupifupi 43% ya GDP ya dziko mu 2019 ndipo idakula kwambiri kuyambira pamenepo. Pofika chaka cha 2021, ngongole zawo zakunja zidakwera kufika pa 101% ya GDP ya dzikolo, zomwe zidapangitsa kusokonekera kwakukulu kwachuma.
Dzikoli lili ndi ngongole pafupifupi $ 3.5 biliyoni kuchokera ku China yokha komanso ndalama zopitilira $62 biliyoni ku US. Dzikoli likufunanso $ 500 miliyoni kuchokera ku India kuti alipire zogula mafuta osakhazikika pamavuto.
Kutsika kwa mitengo ya zinthu ku Sri Lanka kudafika pa 11.1%, zomwe zidakwera kwambiri, mu Novembala, ndipo zidakwera mitengo yazinthu zomwe sizinachitikepo.
Izi zapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri aku Sri Lanka avutike kudyetsa mabanja awo ngakhale ndi zinthu zofunika komanso zofunika.
Purezidenti, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, adalengeza zavuto lazachuma, ndipo asitikali apatsidwa ntchito yosamalira zinthu zofunika monga mpunga ndi shuga, zomwe zikugulitsidwa pamitengo ya boma.
Komabe, zimenezi sizinathandize kwenikweni anthu.
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa mliri wa coronavirus
Mliriwu sunakhudze magawo onse azachuma aku Sri Lanka mofanana. Mafakitale adakhudzidwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ulimi ndi ntchito. Popeza panali kufunikira kocheperako kwamuyaya, magawo ang'onoang'ono otengera kunja adakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Zomangamanga, zopangira nsalu, ndi magawo ena ofanana omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndizovuta kwambiri.
Ma Moody's, Fitch, ndi S&P atsitsa mavoti awo odziyimira pawokha ku Sri Lanka chifukwa chazovuta zangongole mdzikolo.
Zifukwa zazikulu zitatu zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mavoti agwere anali osatetezeka kunja, kusakwanira bwino kwandalama, ndi njira zopezera ndalama zochepa.
Popeza kuti anthu omwe akukhala pansi pa umphawi nawonso achulukirachulukira, izi zakhudza kwambiri anthu ogwira ntchito m'matauni monga zigawo za Kumadzulo chifukwa cha zovuta zamakampani.
Maboma a Nothern, Uva, Eastern, ndi Sabaragamuwa nawonso akhudzidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha anthu osauka kale m'derali, malinga ndi kusintha kwa World Bank.
Kodi mavuto azachuma akhudza bwanji nzika za Sri Lanka?
"Tsopano timagula nyemba zokwana magalamu 100 pomwe tinkagula kg imodzi sabata yonse," adatero m'bale wina waku Sri Lanka pomwe adaululanso momwe mashopu ayamba kutsegula paketi za ufa wa mkaka ndikuzigawa m'mapaketi a magalamu 100 iliyonse chifukwa palibe amene amagula. wokhoza kulipira paketi yonse.
Njira yayikulu yopezera ndalama mdziko muno ndi zokopa alendo, zomwe zatsika kwambiri m'miyezi ingapo yapitayi.
Anthu opitilira 200,000 achotsedwa ntchito pantchito zoyendera ndi zokopa alendo, ndipo zinthu zikuipiraipira.
Achinyamata ambiri komanso ophunzira m’dziko muno akupanga mizere mu ofesi ya mapasipoti kuti achoke m’dziko muno msangamsanga ndi kukayamba moyo wina kwina chifukwa akuopa kutsekeredwa m’mavuto ndi kusapulumuka.
Ndondomeko yobweza ngongole ku Sri Lanka
Dzikoli likuyenera kubweza ngongole ya $7.3 biliyoni ya ngongole zakunja ndi zapakhomo, pomwe $500 miliyoni ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi. mgwirizano wapayekha kubweza kudzafika kumapeto kwa Januware.
Dzikoli likuyandikira kubweza ngongole zawo zakale zamafuta ku Iran powalipira kudzera tiyi, powatumizira tiyi wamtengo wapatali wa $5 miliyoni mwezi uliwonse.
Komabe, izi zikuwoneka zosavuta kunena kuposa kuchita. MP wotsutsa a Harsha de Silva wanena kuti ngongole zonse zakunja zogwirira ntchito zikuyembekezeka kukhala $4.8 biliyoni pofika 2022, ndikusiya dzikolo lili m'mavuto.
Kusowa kwa chakudya ku Sri Lanka
Lingaliro ladzidzidzi la pulezidenti loletsa fetereza ndi mankhwala onse m’miyezi ikubwerayi pofuna kukakamiza alimi kuti ayambe kulima mopanda chenjezo lagwetsanso ntchito zaulimi.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa malondawa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zokolola pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo polimbana ndi udzu ndi tizilombo, ndipo alimi ambiri tsopano akuwopa kutayika kwakukulu ndikubwezera kulima mbewu iliyonse.
Izi zadzetsa kusowa kwa chakudya m'dziko muno, zomwe zapangitsa kuti kuchepeko komanso kufunikira kwachulukidwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo ikwere.
Komabe, ganizo loletsa kuitanitsa feteleza kunja lidachotsedwa mu Okutobala 2021 kuti ayambitsenso ntchito yaulimi yakale.
Ngakhale, kuchotsedwa kwa chiletsocho sikunasinthe kwenikweni chifukwa boma silinathe kupereka ndalama zothandizira feteleza chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ndalama.
Alimi akhala akuvutika kuti apeze ndalama za fetereza zomwe agula kale, osagulanso pamtengo wopanda thandizo. Komanso, amazengereza kuyika ndalama polima mbewu chifukwa sakudziwa ngati apeza phindu.
Njira zothandizira kwakanthawi monga njira zangongole zotumizira mankhwala, mafuta amafuta, ndi chakudya kuchokera kwa anansi ngati India zikuchitidwa.
Kusinthana kwa ndalama kukuchitikanso ndi India, Bangladesh, ndi China, ndi ngongole zogulira mafuta kuchokera ku Oman.
Njira zonsezi zimangopangidwa kuti zipereke mpumulo kwakanthawi pavutoli ndipo ziyenera kubwezeredwa mwachangu. Ngati sichilipidwa pa nthawi yake, zidzangobweretsa vuto lalikulu la kugwera mumsampha wa ngongole ndikumira pamapeto pake.
Anthu akhala akuima pamzere kwa maola ambiri kuti angogula 1/4th ya zinthu zofunika chifukwa palibe amene angakwanitse kugula zomwe amagula kale.
Mpunga, nyemba, zipatso, nsomba, ndiwo zamasamba, buledi, ndi zina zonse zakwera kwambiri mitengo, ndipo mabanja ambiri omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa omwe ali ndi antchito olipidwa tsiku ndi tsiku satha kupeza ngakhale chakudya chofunikira kwa nthawi imodzi. Ngakhale gawo lolemera kwambiri la dzikolo likuyesera kuti achepetse chakudya chawo chatsiku ndi tsiku.
Kupanga tiyi kukuyembekezeka kutsika ndi 50%, ndikuwonjezera vuto lazakudya.
Nchiyani chinayambitsa mavuto azachuma ku Sri Lanka?
Ngakhale mliriwu udatenga gawo lalikulu pakukulitsa mavuto azachuma ku Sri Lanka chifukwa cha kutsekeka komanso kuchepa kwa maulendo ndi zokopa alendo, pali zambiri pakugwa kwachuma ku Sri Lanka.
- Kuwononga ndalama zambiri ndi boma lolamulira
- Kuchepetsa misonkho komwe kumakhudza ndalama za boma
- Ndalama zakunja zikutsika
- Ngongole zazikulu kuchokera ku China pazaka zingapo zapitazi
- Sri Lanka rupee yakhala ikugwa pamsika wa forex.
Yankho la boma
Yankho la boma lakhala losiyana. Akuluakulu ena aboma akukhulupirira kuti dzikolo likhoza kubweza ngongole zake zambiri, pomwe ena akukhulupirira kuti dzikoli likhala katangale pofika kumapeto kwa 2022.
MP de Silva adati njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli ndikupempha thandizo kuchokera ku International Monetary Fund.
Mayankho akunyumba adzakhala akanthawi, ndipo kuti apeze yankho lokhazikika, IMF ndi bungwe lokhalo lomwe lingathandize dziko kutuluka mumsempha wangongole.
Akuluakulu akutchulanso momwe akuganiza kuti dziko lino liyenera kubwereka phindu ngati chimanga kumayiko omwe Sri Lanka ndi abwenzi kuti adyetse nzika zake.
Banki yayikulu yakhala ikupempha nzika kuti zisinthe mosasamala komanso ndalama zakunja kuti zilimbikitse Sri Lankan rupee momwe zingathere. Njira zina zoperekera chithandizo kwakanthawi zikuchitidwa, monga tafotokozera kale.
Thandizo la pafupifupi $ 1.9 biliyoni likukambidwa ndi India, komanso kusinthana kwa madola 400 miliyoni ndi ngongole yamafuta ya madola 500 miliyoni.
Thandizo lofananalo lakambidwanso ndi Bangladesh ndi China. Mabondi a International Sovereign Bond apemphedwa kuti akambiranenso.
Dzikoli likuyenera kubweza ndalama zokwana madola 1,000 miliyoni m’mwezi wa July, ndipo osunga ndalama akufunsidwa ngati angalole kubwezanso ndalamazo kuti dzikolo lithe kuthana ndi vutoli momwe angathere.
Purezidenti watsimikizira kuti phukusi lothandizira sizikuwonjezera kukwera kwa inflation, ndipo sipadzakhalanso zoyambitsira zamisonkho zatsopano kuti zitsimikizire kuti anthu sayikidwa m'mavuto azachuma.
Palibe lingaliro pa phukusi lachiwongola dzanja kuchokera ku IMF lomwe latengedwa kuyambira pano.
Kodi Sri Lanka angachite chiyani kuti athetse vutoli?
- Kukula kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito kuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri, ngakhale m'magulu omwe siafamu kuti awonetsetse kuti anthu okhala m'mphepete amakwezedwa kaye.
- Yesetsani kukulitsa zokolola zaulimi m'dziko ndi zopeza zake kudzera mukusintha kwadongosolo
- Alimi ayenera kuthandizidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutumiza kunja komanso zamtengo wapatali.
- Ukadaulo wanzeru zanyengo, mwayi wofikira pamtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso kasamalidwe kaulimi ziyenera kukonzedwa.
- Njira zoyendetsera ntchito zoyendera ndi zokopa alendo zitha kuthandiza anthu akumidzi.
- Ntchito zomwe sizili zaulimi zamalipiro ziyeneranso kuwonetseredwa kuti zithandize anthu kusankha njira zopezera zofunika pamoyo.
- Kusintha kwakukulu kuyenera kuthandizidwa kuti pakhale ntchito zambiri komanso kukulitsa zokolola za anthu.
- Zotsatira ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusakhazikika ziyenera kuthetsedwa.
- Kusintha kwa malo kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa kolimbikitsidwa m'dziko lonselo.
- Ndalama zazikulu ziyenera kupangidwa mu maphunziro, chitetezo cha anthu komanso thanzi.
- Magawo omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri mdziko muno akuyenera kupatsidwa chithandizo choyambirira chifukwa ndi omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta, pazakhalidwe komanso zachuma.
- Zotsatira za zovuta pamsika wantchito ndi makampani ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse.
- Sri Lanka ikuyenera kusiyanasiyana ku mbewu zopindula ndikuyika ndalama zambiri pachitetezo cha chakudya.
- Mabungwe aboma akuyenera kuzindikira kuti ndi ntchito yawo kupanga ndondomeko yoti mabungwe azitukuko atukule chuma mdziko muno.
- Malamulo amisonkho ku Sri Lanka ndi malamulo akuyenera kulimbikitsa ndikukhala okonda bizinesi.
- Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono akuyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe angathere.
- Zosintha zamagetsi ziyenera kukonzedwa mothandizidwa ndi US ndi China.
- Mitundu yonse isanu ya ndalama, anthu, thupi, ndalama, chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachilengedwe zimafuna thandizo lofanana panthawiyi kuchokera kwa akuluakulu a Sri Lanka.
- Kufikira kwautumiki kumadera akumidzi kuyenera kukulitsidwa kuti zithandizire kuphatikiza ndalama kulikonse.
- Zinthu zikafika bwino, chidwi chowonjezereka chiyenera kuyikidwa paukadaulo wa digito ndipo ntchito zonse za boma ziyeneranso kukhala za digito.
- .Kukula kotengera kugulitsa kunja kophatikizana ndi kakulidwe kotsogozedwa ndi ndalama zabizinesi ziyenera kusinthidwa.
- IMF iyenera kuyandidwa kuti ithandizidwe kwambiri kuthana ndi vutoli.
- Sri Lanka iyeneranso kugwirizana ndi akatswiri azachuma kuti apange ndondomeko ya zachuma kuti dziko lithane ndi vutoli.
Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe chingasokoneze chuma cha Sri Lankan?
Ngati sichisamalidwa nthawi yomweyo, chuma cha Sri Lankan chikhoza kugwera mumkhalidwe wa hyperinflation, monga momwe Venezuela ikukhalira.
Pambuyo pake, palibe kuthekera kulikonse kuti ibwererenso komwe idayambira, monga momwe dziko la South America lachitiranso umboni zaka zingapo zapitazi.
Palinso mantha a dongosolo la maphunziro ndi ntchito zamtsogolo za ophunzira aku Sri Lankan zimalephereka chifukwa chosagula ntchito za intaneti mdziko muno.
Ngati sichinakhazikitsidwe munthawi yake, pali kuthekera kuti tsogolo la anthu aku Sri Lankan limaphatikizapo kusagwirizana kwa luso komwe ophunzira sadzakhalanso oyenera kugwira ntchito.
Izi zitha kubweretsa vuto la kuchuluka kwa anthu chifukwa anthu ogwira ntchito mdziko muno angavutike kuti alandire malipiro zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto azachuma pambuyo pake.
Popeza ndalama za Sri Lankan zatsika kale kuposa 20% poyerekeza ndi dola ya US, kusachitapo kanthu mwamsanga kungapangitse kuti ndalama za Sri Lanka ziwonongeke kwambiri. Izi zitha kubweretsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri la forex lomwe silingachiritsidwe.
Pomaliza, ngati EU ingasankhe kuletsa malonda omwe akufuna ku Sri Lanka okwana $ 360 miliyoni chaka chilichonse, zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri pazachuma.
Kutsiliza
Dzikoli lili m'dera lina loipitsitsa kwambiri, pomwe boma silingathe kulipira ngakhale ntchito zoyambira za IT monga Google Maps.
Boma likuwonetsetsa kuti nzika zikugwira ntchito yokonza ndondomeko yomwe ikuthandizira dziko kuchoka mumsampha wa ngongoleyi, koma palibe chomwe chikuwonekera pofika pano.
Pali misika ndi magawo angapo omwe Sri Lanka ali ndi ngongole, ndipo poganizira momwe zinthu zilili pano, pomwe kukwera kwamitengo kukukulirakulira ndipo chuma chonse chikugwa, ndizovuta kukhulupirira mbali zonse za nkhaniyi.
Pali phukusi latsopano la $ 1.2 biliyoni lothandizira zachuma lomwe limaphatikizanso ndalama zokwana Rs. 5000 mpaka 1.5 miliyoni akaidi, ogwira ntchito m'boma, ndi asitikali olumala mosiyana - koma momwe zimathandizire kubweretsa chuma m'mapazi ake zidzatheka pokhapokha zotsatira ziwoneka zenizeni.
Siyani Mumakonda