"Ndinoda kuverenga mabhuku ezvemari nekudyara, asi basa rangu rezuva rinotora simba rangu rakawandisa."
"Murume, ndinoshuva kuti dai ndakwanisa kuverenga bhuku raPeter Lynch, asi Dan Brown riri patafura yangu rinotaridzika kunakidza."
Unozviwana uchitaura mitsara iyi kazhinji here?
Iwe unoda kuverenga mabhuku ezvemari, asi akanyanya kuwanda kana kukudyira nguva?
Usanetseke; isu takakufukidza.
Isu tinonzwisisa kuti mabhuku ezvemari anoita seanodhonza, zvisinei nekuti angave ane mubairo wakadii.
Saka, takaronga nhevedzano kuti ikubatsire kuchengetedza nguva uye kushanda nesimba -
Mari Vedas inopfupikiswa mumaminitsi mashanu kana pasi.
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Parizvino ndiri kuverenga 'The Intelligent investor' kechipiri, uye ndinofanira kutaura, iro bhuku iri mugodhi wegoridhe!
Rakakurumbira se“Bible of Investing,” bhuku iri rinopa gadziriro yehungwaru yakanaka. Iyo inotungamira vanoisa mari mukuchengetedza manzwiro avo mukutarisa pane roller coaster ride iyo mari inogona kuve.
Iri bhuku rakatanga kuburitswa muna 1949 naBenjamin Graham, anozivikanwa sababa vekudyara kukosha, uye rakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya nevarapi vakaita se Warren Buffett kwemakumi emakore. Muchokwadi, dai asiri Graham nedzidziso dzake, Warren Buffett pamwe angadai asiri mumwe wevanonyanya kuisa mari pasirese.
Saka, heino "Iyo Intelligent Investor" yakapfupikiswa kune vanhu mukumhanyisa….
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti Graham anoreva mumwe munhu ane fancy dhigirii rezvemari kana IQ yepamusoro semuridzi akangwara, saka heino nhau dzakanaka kwauri. Haasi.
Zvese munhu anofanirwa kuve mutyairi anobudirira ndiko kunzwisisa kwekutanga kweiyo zvinyorwa zvemari zvekambani, kuvapo kwepfungwa, uye pfungwa yakasimba yekuvimba iwe pachako kuongorora pane ruzha rwemusika.
Zvino, nepo Graham achitsigira kuti investor wese anoziva zvakavanakira, anopa hurongwa kana maitiro ekufunga, kana iwe uchifanira kutaura, kune vanoisa mari, kuvabatsira parwendo rwavo.
Heano mamwe ezvandinofarira kutora kubva mubhuku:
1. Uri kuisa mari kana kufungidzira?
Ngatitangei kubvisa zvekutanga.
Kana iwe uchitsvaga "kupfuma nekukurumidza" chirongwa, kana kana nguva yemusika nekutengesa zvinokupa iyo adrenaline, pamwe unofanirwa kusvetuka bhuku iri.
An akangwara investor hakusi kuwana anopenga purofiti; ndezvekugadzira chimiro chepfungwa chine mutsindo chinokushongedza nehunyanzvi hwekuita sarudzo kuti uite mari yakanaka nemutengo wakakodzera.
Nhanho yekutanga yekuve investor akangwara kunzwisisa kuti investor chii. Maererano naGraham, iwe uri investor kana:
- Iwe unoita yakadzama uye yakadzama ongororo yekambani uye uine yenguva refu yekumisikidza.
- Kuchengetedzeka kwako kwemusimboti hakuna kukanganisa
- pane mukana wekuwana mibairo yeavhareji
- Unonzwisisa kusiyana-siyana
- haudzingirire purofiti inokurumidza uye unotarisira kudzoserwa kwakachengeteka & kwakatsiga kubva yako portfolio.
Chero zviitwa zvisingazadzise zvinodiwa pamusoro apa ndezvekufungidzira muchimiro. Uye bhuku rino rinonyora mienzaniso yakawanda inoratidza kuti unenge uri nani pasina kuita zvekufungidzira.
2. Namatira kune zvinokosha
Akangwara investor haasi munhu anogona kufanotaura inotevera yakawanda-bagger.
Asi, kudyara kwehungwaru inzira yakanyatsofungwa iyo inosanganisira kunyatsoongorora bhizinesi, shanduko yaro, uye manejimendi aro. Akangwara investor anofanira kukwanisa:
- Kupatsanura mutengo wemasheya kubva pakukosha kwayo kwemukati: Vagadziri vemari havafanirwe kubhadhara mutengo wakakwira kupfuura izvo zvakakosha. Value investing inosanganisira kuona masheya asina kukosha nekuongorora mihoro yekambani, midziyo, migove, uye manejimendi. "Kutenga nemutengo wakaderera uye kutengesa par kana premium" ndiyo mantra.
- Diversify nenzira yekudzikisa njodzi: Diversification inogona kufinha, asi vimba naGraham pane izvi uye uve investor anofinha. Inokupa muganho wakanaka wekuchengetedza (verenga: nzvimbo yekukanganisa) mumusika unoshanduka. Chaizvoizvo, haugone kuenda zvisizvo nezvese stock mupotfolio yako. Unogona kuwana vamwe vakundi uye vamwe vanokundwa, asi pakupedzisira, unenge uri mugirini.
- Zvibvire kubva pamaonero aVaMsika anogara achichinja: Graham anotsanangura musika semunhu asingatarisike uye ane mafungiro anochinja sekondi yega yega. Kuisa mari kudiki kwekuita kwehungwaru uye kuwanda kwekuita manzwiro. Graham anoyambira vanoisa mari kuti vazvizive, vachengete zvinotarisirwa, uye vaparadzanise ongororo yavo yakavakirwa pakutsvaga kubva pakuchinja manzwiro emusika.
3. Tsanangura maitiro ako ekudyara usati wasvetuka mairi
Kana kurova kwemoyo wako kuchishanda mukuwirirana nemabatiro anoita musika, unenge wakakodzera kuve neautopilot portfolio isingade nguva yakawanda nesimba.
Izvi zvinoda inenge "ascetic detachment" kubva mukupenga kwemisika.
Kune vanodzivirira vanoisa mari, anopa zvinotevera:
- Iyo inodzivirira portfolio inofanirwa kuve nechikamu chakakodzera chemasheya nemabhondi.
- Chikwata chakasiyana chakasiyana-siyana chine 10-30 masheya pasina kuwedzeredza kune imwe chikamu.
- Makambani makuru, ane mukurumbira, uye anochengetedzwa mari kubheja kwakachengeteka kune vanodzivirira vanoisa mari.
- Nhoroondo refu yekuenderera mberi zvikamu kusvika pamakore angangoita makumi maviri.
- Hapana kushomeka kwemuhoro mumakore gumi apfuura
- Kukura kwemari kunofanirwa kunge kuri kudarika 33% mumakore gumi apfuura.
- Kubhadhara zvakanyanya zvinhu uye mihoro hakukurudzirwe. Namatira kumakambani ane mitengo yemusika isingasviki 1.5 times the net asset value (assets - zvikwereti) uye makambani ane PE isingapfuure makumi maviri.
Kuisa mari mune index fund ndiyo imwe mhinduro yekuchengetedza nguva yese uye simba rinodiwa kutevera nzira yataurwa pamusoro apa. Index mari inoumbwa neaya makambani anozadzisa kana zvishoma maitiro aya.
Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe uri mumwe munhu anoramba achitsvaga, sarudza uye tarisa ine simba portfolio yemasheya, mabhondi, uye. itirana mari, uri enterprising investor. Izvi zvinoda muviri nepfungwa.
Kune vanoita zvekutengesa, Graham anokurudzira portfolio ine hukasha. Izvi zvinoda basa rakawanda, kushivirira, uye kugona kugara usina kukanganiswa neD-mumugwagwa maonero. Nheyo dzinokosha dzichiri kushanda munyaya iyi.
Nekudaro, mudyaridzi ane hukasha ane hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvichienderana nekambani uye kukosha kwayo kwekambani.
Semuenzaniso, munhu anodyara mari anogona kunge achida kubhadhara zvakanyanya zvinhu kana achikoshesa kambani pamutengo wepamusoro uye achifunga zvakanyanya nezvekambani.
4. Kuranga Kwemari 101
Kuwirirana ndimambo.
Iwe haugone kuisa mari yako yese mupotfolio yako kamwechete uye kutarisira kukosha kusazodzika. Zvinotozoitika.
Sei?
Rangarira, Mr. Market haisi nguva dzose inonzwisisika uye inenge nguva dzose yakavhiringidzika.
Achizvidaidza kuti formula investing, Graham anokurudzira kutora hurongwa hunonzi dhora-mutengo wepakati. Isa parutivi x% yemari yaunowana mwedzi woga woga/kota uye woiisa mune yako portfolio stock.
Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uenderane nekuchinja kwemaitiro emusika. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yako nekudzikisa mutengo wako wekudyara uye nekudaro kuwedzera mukana wekudzoka kune iyo nzira. Izvi zvakakwana kune anodzivirira investor.
Munhu anodyara mari ane hukasha anotora nzira iyi zvishoma nekutsvaga nharaunda yakakura uye nekudyara zvakanyanya kana musika waparara uye munhu wese anodaidzira, "TENGESA!" nokudaro achidzikisa mutengo wake.
Iyo Intelligent Investor inofanirwa kuverenga kana iwe uchifunga nezvazvo. Asi kusvika wawana nguva, vimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chinokuitira hunyengeri!
Zvimwe kubva kuna Benjamin Graham: Ben Graham paKuisa mari, Kufungidzira, uye Kufunga mune Zvingaitika
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