ICalifornia, ilizwe laseGolide laseMelika, elinoqoqosho olukhulu lwe-3.4 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola (2021), yaziwa ngeSilicon Valley yayo, imozulu epholileyo, iilwandle ezinesanti, ukhenketho, kunye nezitudiyo zaseHollywood.
ICalifornia yafumana igolide ngo-1848, yakhokelela abantu abaninzi ukuba bazinze kweli lizwe. Ukufuduka okukhulu kunye nokunyuka kwabemi bafanelekile eCalifornia kwi-statehood ngo-1850. Kwaye kamva, yaba likhaya kwiinkampani eziphezulu ze-Silicon Valley ezifana ne-Apple, iMicrosoft, iGoogle, iTesla, njl.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iye yajongana nelahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho, echaphazela uqoqosho lukarhulumente kunye nabemi bayo ngokubanzi.
UQoqosho lwaseCalifornia ngoku
ICalifornia ikhokela i-US malunga nesoftware, imoto, itekhnoloji yedijithali, ukushukumiseka kwale mihla, okusingqongileyo, kunye neshishini lendawo. Ngapha koko, ibekwe kunxweme olusentshona lwe-US, ithathwa njengomnyango wangaphambili phakathi kwe-United States, iPasifiki Rim, kunye nemarike evelayo yaseAsia.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kokufika kobhubhane, uqoqosho lwaseCalifornia lwaqala ukujongana nezithintelo.
Makhe sihlalutye izizathu kunye ne-ramifications ngokweenkcukacha.
Isifo esikho elizweni jikelele sentsholongwane ye-Corona
ICalifornia yaba lilizwe lokuqala e-United States ukunyanzelisa ukuvalwa, ekhokelela kumlo ochasene ne-coronavirus. Kodwa imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente engalunganga kunye nendlela yokujongana nobhubhane ichaphazele kakhulu ubomi babantu kunye noqoqosho.
Ekubeni lelona lizwe likhulu nelona lahluke kakhulu e-US, abantu abazizigidi ezingama-39 bachaphazeleka kanobom ngubhubhane.
Urhulumente uxele amatyala azizigidi ezi-3.9 ngo-2021, eyi-11.0% yamatyala ewonke elizweni kwaye malunga ne-10.5% yokusweleka bebonke (i-63,891 yokusweleka), ngokutsho California iSebe Lezempilo.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuvalwa okunyanzeliswa ngabasemagunyeni baseCalifornia kunyuse izinga lentswelo-ngqesho nge-16%. Ngenxa yoko, uqoqosho lwelizwe luphulukene nemisebenzi engaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-2.5, nto leyo ibe nefuthe kakhulu kwishishini lemveliso laseCalifornia.
Ukhenketho lwaseCalifornia, ihotele, indalo yeendaba, kunye nemizi-mveliso yendlela yokuphila nayo yajongana nomqobo obalulekileyo ngenxa yokuvalwa okukhulu.
Ngaphandle koko, njengoko iCarlifonia ithembele kakhulu kubasebenzi bezoLimo kunalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe, icandelo lezolimo lijongene nelahleko enkulu, ngakumbi kwishishini lenyama yenkomo, yobisi kunye nenyama. Kwiminyaka yesiqhelo, ukuqeshwa kweefama kuncopho kwinyanga kaJuni eCalifornia, kodwa ngexesha lobhubhani ngo-2020-21, amanani ehle kakhulu ngenxa yee-odolo zikarhulumente zokuhlala ekhaya.
IMfuduko yeSininzi yamaShishini amakhulu
Iinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengeHP, Oracle, Apple, Palantir, kunye ne-SpaceX bakha i-megafactory yabo e-Austin, eTexas. Ngaphezulu kweenkampani ze-1800 zatshintsha ikomkhulu labo ukusuka eCalifornia kuphela kwi-2016. Ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu-iToyota, i-Nestlé, i-Charles Schwab, kunye ne-Jamba juice sele ihambise ikomkhulu labo e-Texas kwi-2018.
Siyintoni isizathu sokufuduka ngobuninzi kwezi MNCs ziphezulu zisuka eCalifornia?
Iirhafu, iindleko zezindlu, kunye neendleko zokuhlala eKhalifoniya ziphezulu ngama-50 ekhulwini kunakwamanye amazwe aseMeidan. Ngelixa iinkonzo zoluntu, kubandakanywa ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nezikolo, azihambelani namanye amazwe.
Ngaphambili, kwakungekho ndlela yimbi yokuba iinkampani ezikumgangatho ophezulu zifudukele kwenye indawo. Kodwa ngoku banokufudukela eHouston naseTexas, benika ezi nkampani amathuba angcono kunye neerhafu eziphantsi.
Ngaphaya koko, iinkampani ezikumgangatho ophezulu zajongana nemithetho engqongqo ngabaPhathi baseCalifornia ngexesha lo bhubhani, kubandakanya neodolo yokuhlala ekhaya kubasebenzi kunye nokuvalwa okunyanzelekileyo, okukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu yemali. Ngeli xesha, amanye amazwe avumele ukuphumla kwabasemzini kula mashishini.
Njengoko iiDemokhrasi zibambe ubukhulu becala kuzo zombini izindlu zaseCalifornia State, abantu bahlukene malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yeshishini labo, apho abambalwa bababiza ngokuba yimigaqo-nkqubo eqhubekayo kwaye abanye bayathandabuza kwaye babiza urhulumente ukuba akanabuhlobo kushishino. Iidemokhrasi zinzima ekusebenziseni amafutha, ukukhutshwa kwemoto, kunye neminqwazi yamanzi kwaye ibeka imithetho engqongqo kumashishini angcolisekileyo, ngoko ke yenza iCalifornia ibe yindleko yokwenza ishishini.
Iirhafu: Ukuqhuba ilaphu loShishino lwaseCalifornia
I-California ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiintlawulo zerhafu zabantu abazizityebi kunye neerhafu ezinzima kuzo zonke iimetrics xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe ase-US. Umzekelo, iCalifornia ineerhafu eziphezulu zeshishini kunye neendlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuphumla kwiinkqubo zerhafu yengeniso.
Ngelixa amanye amazwe alithoba ase-US engahlawulisi rhafu kumvuzo womntu, ngokungafaniyo neCalifornia.
Oku konyusa iindleko zokuphila zabasebenzi kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzi aba-2 kwaba-3 kuwo onke amashishini eCarlifonia bajonge ukuhlala ngaphandle kwelizwe ukuba bafumana amathuba okusebenzela ekhaya.
Ukuhamba kweeNkampani: Impembelelo kuQoqosho lwaseCalifornia
I-California ifumana ingeniso entle kwabarhola abaphezulu kwaye ixhomekeke kakhulu kwezi rhafu. NgokweBhodi yeRhafu yaseCalifornia yeFranchise, ipesenti ezi-0.5 eziphezulu zabafundi abafumana imali eninzi, uninzi lwabo kwicandelo letekhnoloji, bayahlawula. I-40% yengeniso yerhafu karhulumente.
Nangona kunjalo, ukurhoxa kwamva nje kweenkampani ezinkulu kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kuqoqosho lwelizwe laseCalifornia.
Kanye njengomzekeliso, i-New Jersey State kuye kwafuneka ilungise uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngenxa yokuba ibhiliyoni enye ihambile. Khawucinge ngefuthe kuqoqosho lwaseCalifornia xa oosozigidi abafana noElon Musk betshintshela iinkampani zabo eTexas.
Ke ngoko, ukuba iKhalifoniya ayilungisi imithetho yokuthomalalisa irhafu kwezi nkampani zikumgangatho ophezulu, imisebenzi, iimeko zokuhlala, kunye nengeniso yelizwe iya koma.
Xa kwaphela ukudodobala koqoqosho ngo-2008, kwathatha iminyaka emihlanu iCalifornia ukufikelela kumanqanaba adlulileyo okuhla. I-California ifumene i-50 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zengeniso yerhafu yengeniso engaphantsi kule minyaka mihlanu, kwaye urhulumente wanyanzelwa ukuba abuyekeze ngokusika California's $45 billion kwiinkqubo zentlalontle.
Uyabona, sithetha ngeebhiliyoni zeedola, eziya komisa kwiibhokisi zaseCalifornia ngokufuduka okukhulu kwezi nkampani zobugcisa.
Imbalela yaseKhalifoniya iyenza ibe mandundu uQoqosho lwayo.
Uqoqosho lwaseCalifornia oluzibhiliyoni ezi-3.4 zeedola luqale ukuva ubushushu bembalela kunye noTshintsho lweMozulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Urhulumente ujongene nembalela emandla kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, kwaye iqhubekile ukutyhubela iminyaka. Akukho manzi aneleyo abaninimzi, ishishini lemveliso, abaninimzi, ishishini leentlanzi kunye nezolimo.
Njengoko iindawo zasemaphandleni zixhomekeke kakhulu kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwigalelo lezolimo, ukuhla komgangatho wamanzi kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ngokufanayo, eMazantsi eCalifornia, exhomekeke kakhulu kuMlambo iColorado kwimfuno yawo yamanzi, inqanaba lamanzi liye lehla ixesha elide. Bade bakubekela imiqathango ukunkcenkceshela ingca ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye ngeveki.
Iziko loMgaqo-nkqubo woLuntu laseCalifornia ingxelo yokuba iCalifornia ifumene ubushushu obuyi-3.5 degrees Fahrenheit xa kuthelekiswa nenkulungwane yama-20. Ikhokelele ekunyukeni kwe-8% kwimfuno yamanzi ezityalo ngo-2021.
Ngaphezu koko, ukunqongophala kwemvula kunyuse amaxesha amaninzi okutsha kwamahlathi kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, nto leyo ebangela ilahleko engakumbi yezakhiwo nezibonelelo kuqoqosho.
Ingxaki yeReal-Estate eCalifornia
ICalifornia, ngalo lonke uqikelelo, imfutshane kwi-3-4 yezigidi zezindlu. Ukucutha ityuwa enxebeni, ukunyuka kweendleko zokuphila kuye kwayenza mandundu ngakumbi imeko yabasebenzi beenkampani ezinkulu zobugcisa. Kubi kakhulu kubo bobabini njengoko amashishini abucala efuna inzuzo, kwaye ukuba iinkampani ziqesha abantu kurhulumente, kuya kufuneka bahlawule imivuzo ephezulu, ngaloo ndlela behlise ingeniso yabo.
Ngokuthelekisa, amanye amazwe kulo lonke elase-US abiza kakhulu kwizindlu kunye nokuhlala xa kuthelekiswa neCalifornia.
Ukuqonda ukuba iyingozi kangakanani ingxaki ye-Real-Estate yaseCalifornia, makhe sijonge idatha evela kwi-White House, ethi iCalifornia ithatha isiqingatha (47%) sabemi base-US abangakhuselwanga. Abantu abahluphekayo baseCalifornia, abangakwaziyo ukuthenga indawo yokuhlala, banyanzelekile ukuba bahlale ezitratweni nakwiiveni. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abavela kwiindidi zemivuzo ephakathi kunye nesezantsi nabo bajonge enye indlela eya eCalifornia.
Ngaba uQoqosho lwaseCarlifonia lusingise ekuDongeni kwezoqoqosho?
Kangangezihlandlo ezininzi, abantu baseRiphabhlikhi baye banyanzelisa ukuba uqoqosho lwabo lujonge ekuwohlokeni. I-GDP yaseCalifornia inekhontrakthi ngqo kwikota ezimbini zokugqibela zonyaka ka-2022, ngokwedatha yezoqoqosho epapashwe yi Urhulumente waseCalifornia ngoAgasti.
Imisebenzi: Izinga lokungaphangeli laseCalifornia laliyi-4.2%, ngaphezulu komndilili wesizwe we-3.6%, kwaye li-10th eliphezulu eUnited States.
Ukuziphatha kwabathengi: Njengoko umngcipheko wokudodobala koqoqosho usanda, abathengi bayayeka ukuthenga iimpahla kwaye baqale ukuzilungiselela ngokwandisa ugcino lwabo.
Ingxelo epapashwe yiNgqungquthela yeNgqungquthela yeNgqungquthela yaseNew York ngo-Agasti ibonisa ukuba ukuzithemba kwabathengi kuye kwahla kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo, eziza kuba nefuthe elibi kwixesha elide.
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso nenzala: Amaxabiso abathengi abonwe kumyinge we-9.1 ekhulwini kulo nyaka-mali. Lo mtsi wonyaka ngowona mkhulu ukususela ngo-1981. Ngezi meko, umthengi akakwazi ukuhlawula amaxabiso aphezulu kunye nenzala, ethi ekugqibeleni ibambezele ukukhula koqoqosho.
Ucwangciso Lwexesha elide: I-US inelona tyala liphezulu kwi-Gross Domestic Product ratio. Kubonakala ngathi ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, idala intsilelo enkulu ye-federal kwaye ikhokelela kumlinganiselo omkhulu wokuhlawula amatyala ngokunjalo.
Ke ngoko kolu hlalutyo lungasentla, kuyacaca ukuba uqoqosho lwaseCalifornia, ukuba aluhlali phantsi kwezoqoqosho, aluqhubi kakuhle kwaye lunokubakho ubunzima bexesha elide.
Luqhuba njani uQoqosho lwaseCalifornia ngoku?
Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, siye safumana i-coronavirus, kwaye ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kukhokelele abantu abaninzi ukuba bafune ezinye iindawo ezingcono zokufuduka. Ke iqhuba njani iCalifornia ngoku, kwaye iya kuqhubeka?
Isishwankathelo soQoqosho soQoqosho lwangoku lwaseCalifornia:
Umzi-mveliso wehotele
ICalifornia ifumene ukudodobala kwishishini layo lehotele ukusukela oko kwaqala ubhubhani we-coronavirus. Nangona kunjalo, yaqala ukubona abakhenkethi ngo-Matshi ka-2022, xa ukhenketho lwayo lwaluphezulu. Ukufika kwabakhenkethi kudla ngokuqhubeka kwikamva ukuba akukho maza angakumbi e-coronavirus kunye nokucinywa kwesiganeko, ezinokuba ziindaba ezimnandi kushishino lwezokhenketho lwaseCalifornia.
Ishishini langaphandle kunye nelolonwabo
ICalifornia, edume ngamalwandle ayo kunye nemozulu eshushu, ilungele imisebenzi yangaphandle. Idatha epapashwe ngu Uhlalutyo lweGravy ibonisa imboni yolonwabo yangaphandle yaseCalifornia ayiqhubi kakuhle njengoko kufanele ukuba kube njalo ngenxa yemithetho engqongqo ebekwe ngurhulumente ngenxa yobhubhane.
Icandelo lokonwabisa
ICalifornia itsala abakhenkethi kwihlabathi liphela ngeBhulorho yeSango leGolide, iDisneyland kunye neHollywood. Umzi-mveliso wayo wokuzonwabisa wenze umndilili ukususela oko wavula indawo yawo kubantu bangaphandle. Kunokulindeleka ukuba ibe phezulu kwixesha elizayo, kwaye iCalifornia inokufumana ingeniso engakumbi kukhenketho loLonwabo.
Indawo yokutyela kunye neshishini lokutya
Urhulumente unyanzelise ukuvalwa ngexesha lobhubhani we-Covid-19, ekhuthaza abathengi ukuba bangatyi kakhulu ekhaya kunye nohambo lokuya kuthenga igrosari. Ukusukela ngoko, iCalifornia iye yafumana ukuphucuka kwindawo yayo yokutyela kunye neshishini lokutya njengoko abakhenkethi abaninzi beqala ukuhla ukuya kwiholide kunye nokuzonwabisa.
isiphelo
ICalifornia kufuneka ivumele indawo ehambelana neshishini kwiinkampani zayo. Ipesenti ezi-1 eziphezulu ze-super-earner zihlawula i-46 ipesenti yengeniso yayo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukugcina amashishini eqhubeka eCalifornia.
Ukhenketho, iivenkile zokutyela, imboni yolonwabo, njl.njl., sele iqalile ukuzilungiselela, kwaye ziindaba ezimnandi kuqoqosho lwaseCalifornia.
Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukuthetha nantoni na kule meko yeemeko zoqoqosho ezingaqinisekanga kwihlabathi lonke xa i-US, kunye nezizwe ezininzi, zisemnyango wokudodobala koqoqosho.
Shiya iMpendulo