Kutshanje, ilizwe elincinane elikuMbindi Merika, i-El Salvador, liphinde laba ngundaba-mlonyeni.
Oku bekubangelwa kukudodobala kwezoqoqosho okuzayo okuza kubetha ilizwe. Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-El Salvador yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukwenza i-Bitcoin ithenda esemthethweni, ngethemba lokuba iya kusindisa isizwe ekuweni kwezoqoqosho kwaye inciphise ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwiDola yaseMelika.
Ukanti, njengoko kwavelayo, uMongameli wase-El Salvador uNayib Bukele ukugembula ngemali ye-cryptocurrency kubangele i-ramifications enzima kwingxaki yetyala lelizwe. Ixabiso leBitcoin liye lancipha laya kutsho kwi-45% ukususela ngoSeptemba, xa uBukele esungula isicwangciso.
Ngenxa yoko, i-150 yezigidi zeedola zotyalo-mali zeBitcoin zibangele umthwalo owongezelelweyo kwi-exchequer yelizwe. Utyalo-mali lumalunga ne-4% yovimba welizwe.
Ngoku makhe singene nzulu kwingxoxo kwaye siqonde izizathu kunye nemiphumo yokopha kwezoqoqosho lwase-El Salvador.
imvelaphi
I-El Salvador lelona lizwe lincinane nelinabantu abaninzi kuMbindi Merika. Imbali yayo izaliswe ziimfazwe zamakhaya eziqhubekayo, ulwaphulo-mthetho oluphakamileyo, ukukhula okungaguquguqukiyo kwezoqoqosho, neentlekele zemvelo.
Ikwaziwa njengawona mazinga aphezulu olwaphulo-mthetho kwihlabathi, i-El Salvador ifake imali yayo, i-El Salvadoran Colon, kunye neDola yaseMelika ngo-2001 ukusindisa uqoqosho lwayo ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kunye nethemba lokutsala utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle kunye nabakhenkethi kwilizwe. .
Nangona kunjalo, nasemva kokuqaliswa kwe-Dollar yase-US, uqoqosho lwesizwe aluzange lubone naluphi na utyalo-mali olukhulu lwangaphandle okanye abakhenkethi. Kwakungenxa yorhwaphilizo oluphezulu namazinga olwaphulo-mthetho. Nangona eli lizwe linemali yalo yasekhaya, ayifane isetyenziswe ngabemi balapho.
Ngaphezu koko, njengoko ilizwe lingenayo imarike enkulu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwaye inempahla ephezulu, kukho umthwalo omkhulu kwibhalansi yentlawulo. Oku kubangele intsilelo enkulu kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye namatyala aphezulu.
Ke, uMongameli Bukele wapasisa umthetho owenza iBitcoin ithenda esemthethweni yokutsala utyalo-mali oluphezulu lwangaphandle kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwayo kwiDola yaseMelika kunye neemali ezithunyelwa ngaphandle njengomthombo wogcino.
Ukuqiqa yayikukuba ukunyuka kwexabiso leBitcoin kuya kunceda ilizwe linciphise amatyala alo kwaye ligcine ibhalansi yentlawulo.
Ngale nto, i-El Salvador yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukuqaphela i-Bitcoin njengemali esemthethweni. Urhulumente waphinda wabhengeza ukuba nabani na unokufumana ubumi e-El Salvador ngokutyala imali ye-Bitcoins ye-3 kweli lizwe.
Iphinde yaqulunqa isicwangciso sokwakha iziko lemigodi ye-crypto ene-volcano kunye nesixeko kunye nokusungula i-bitcoin-powered yokuqala. iibhondi ezizimeleyo.
Kwanasemva kwawo onke la manyathelo, olu lingelo lubonakala lusilele yaye luye lwabangela umthwalo ongakumbi kubantu abaqhelekileyo belizwe. Ngoku umbuzo ngowokuba i-Bitcoin-induced crisis yezoqoqosho ikhokelele njani ilizwe ekuweni kwezoqoqosho phantse.
Yintoni Ekhokelele Kule Ngxaki Yezoqoqosho
I-El Salvador yayisele inengxaki enkulu yezoqoqosho ngaphambi kwe-Bitcoin Blunder. Kwaye ukwenza i-Bitcoin ithenda yomthetho yongeze amafutha emlilweni.
Ityala lelizwe linyuke ukusuka kwi-19 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngoDisemba ka-2019 ukuya ngaphezulu kweedola ezingama-24 eebhiliyoni ngo-2022, kunye netyala kwi-GDP ratio lifikelele kwi-87%.
Nangona utyalo-mali lwe-Bitcoin lumele i-4% kuphela yovimba welizwe, ngokuqinisekileyo luchaphazele uqoqosho lwase-El Salvador. Oku kuba yintlekele kwilizwe eline-GDP eyi-25 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kuphela.
Ngaphandle kwengxaki yokuhlawula amatyala, ukuwa kwemarike yezabelo zase-US, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwihlabathi jikelele, kubangele intloko ebuhlungu kwilizwe. Ngenxa yoko, ii-arhente ezinkulu zokuthenga ngetyala ziye zathoba izinga letyala lelizwe. Ngoku kuye kube nzima ngakumbi ukumema utyalo-mali lwangaphandle.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Moodys yehlise izinga letyala le-El Salvador ukuya kwi-Caa3, ebonisa ukuba ilizwe lisemngciphekweni wokungahlawuli kwaye ayilona khetho olukhuselekileyo kutyalo-mali. Nangona imali evela kumazwe angaphandle ixhasa malunga ne-25% yemisebenzi yezoqoqosho, ubundlobongela kunye nokungakhuseleki kuchaphazela kakubi imveliso kunye nokukhula kwexesha elide lesizwe.
Ngaphaya koko, i-Bitcoin Gamble yehlise ukuzithemba kweNgxowa-mali yezeMali yaMazwe ngaMazwe ukuba ize kuxhasa ilizwe. I-El Salvador icele i-1.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwi-IMF ukuze ilinganise intsilelo ye-akhawunti yayo yangoku kunye nokuhlawula ityala.
Nangona kunjalo, umbutho ucele urhulumente ukuba asuse i-Bitcoin njengethenda esemthethweni. Iphinde yacela ukuzisa iinguqu kwezoqoqosho ukuze ifumane iphakheji yebheyile.
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, i US Stock Ukuwa kweMarike, kunye nokuhlasela kweRussia eUkraine kubangele ukuba i-cryptocurrency ilahlekelwe yi-1.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngexesha nje elincinci.
ixabiso Bitcoin lincitshiswe kwisiqingatha ukususela ngoSeptemba 2021, ebangela El Salvador kaThixo Bitcoin ixabiso lotyalo mali ukunciphisa ukuya $ 67.9 yezigidi ukusuka $104 yezigidi. I-Bitcoin ibe ngumthwalo owongezelelweyo kwingxaki yeTyala yelizwe, ekufuneka ikhuphe malunga ne-1.12 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwinzala kunye neebhondi ezivuthiweyo ngo-2023.
Kodwa, uBukele usasebenzisa unondyebo karhulumente ukuthenga iBitcoin kolu kwehla, ngaloo ndlela etyhalela ilizwe kumphetho wokuwa kwezoqoqosho. Okwangoku, uye wazisa izicwangciso zokwakha isixeko seBitcoin esixhaswa ngokupheleleyo yiBitcoin.
Imeko yangoku
Amanyathelo kaBukele anqwenela ukusindisa uQoqosho lwaseSalvador abonakala enesiphumo esichaseneyo kwaye abe yinxalenye yengxaki ngokwayo.
Ngokuzithemba okunciphayo kwabatyali-mali kwiibhondi ezizimeleyo zaseSalvador kunye nokungaphumeleli kweBitcoin, umgaqo-nkqubo ubeke ilizwe kwimeko enzima.
Urhulumente utyale imali emalunga ne-425 yezigidi zeerandi ekwakheni i-bitcoin ecosystem elizweni. Ibandakanya ukuqaliswa kwe-wallet yesizwe ye-virtual Chivo (isiLatini esithi "cool") ukuququzelela iintlawulo nge-bitcoin. Bakwanika inkuthazo ye-30 yeedola kubantu ababhalisa kwi-app.
Nangona kunjalo, kwilizwe apho i-70% yabemi ingakabikho uxhumano lwe-intanethi, i-bitcoin ayikakhethwa ngabemi. Kananjalo isipaji sikaChivo asisetyenziswa ngabemi emva kokufumana inkuthazo.
Kodwa utyalo-mali aluphumelelanga kuwo onke amanqanaba. Ukwenza ithenda yezomthetho ye-bitcoin umeme abantu abathanda i-crypto njengabakhenkethi kweli lizwe. Ishishini lezokhenketho lase-El Salvador linyuke nge-30% ukususela ngoSeptemba. Kwaye okubangela umdla, uninzi lwabakhenkethi luvela e-US.
Ngaphezu koko, i-app ye-Chivo iya kunceda abemi ukuba bathumele imali evela kumazwe angaphandle ngexabiso lenkonzo eqhelekileyo. Ngaphambili, iindleko zenkonzo yokudluliselwa kweentlawulo zaziphezulu ukuya kutsho kwi-10%.
Nangona kunjalo, isipaji siya kuthatha ixesha ukuba sisetyenziswe ngabantu ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ukususela ngo-2022, i-wallet ye-Chivo icutshungulwe kuphela i-1.6% yeemali ezithunyelwayo.
Yintoni elandelayo e-El Salvador
Ngokumalunga nokuhlawulwa kwamatyala, ilizwe libonakala lineendlela ezimbini ongakhetha kuzo. Okokuqala, uBukele kufuneka amkele iimeko ze-IMF ekususeni i-bitcoin njengethenda esemthethweni kwaye azise utshintsho olukhulu lwezoqoqosho.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokubuyisela umva ekudumeni kukaMongameli we-Autocrat uNayib Bukele. Ngenxa yokuba uBukele unezicwangciso ezibalaseleyo ze-cryptocurrency kunye nokugcina imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yabantu abaninzi, ukhetho alubonakali lusebenza.
Olunye ukhetho, njengoko lubekwe nguRicardo Castaneda, ingcali yezoqoqosho kwi-tank ye-Central American Institute for Fiscal Studies (ICEFI), kukucela iiBhanki zoPhuhliso zaseMbindi kunye neLatin America, i-CABEI kunye ne-CAF, ukuba ihlawule intlawulo yabo mboleko. Kungenjalo, urhulumente kusenokufuneka enze ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi ibe phantsi kolawulo lwakhe ukuze igcine intsilelo yayo yemali.
Ngokuphathelele iBitcoin, urhulumente uzama ithamsanqa kwimakethi eguquguqukayo kakhulu xa ukungaqiniseki kuza kuzo zonke izizwe kunye nabatyali-mali nokuba kukunyuka kwamaxabiso, imakethi yesitokhwe, okanye imfazwe. Oku kubangele ukuhla kwemfuno kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Ngaphezu koko, njengoko umlinganiselo wetyala welizwe sele uthotyiwe ngenxa yamatyala aphezulu, ubundlobongela, kunye ne-crypto gamble karhulumente, abatyali-mali abazimisele ukumpompa imali kuqoqosho oluwayo.
Nangona abantu baseSalvador befumana eyona mali iphezulu evela kumazwe angaphandle, ayinakubasindisa ekusondeleni nasekunciphiseni intsilelo yabo yemali.
Kodwa ayizizo zonke izinto eziya ezantsi. Ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe ekwehliseni izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo ngexesha le-covid-19, uMongameli ugcine enye yeepesenti eziphakamileyo zokuvunywa kwakhe nawuphi na umongameli emhlabeni. Amanqaku okuvunywa kwakhe angaphezulu kwama-85%.
isiphelo
Ukusukela ekusunguleni i-bitcoin yokuqala yebhondi yehlabathi ukuya ekudaleni isixeko se-bitcoin esixhaswe yintaba-mlilo, izicwangciso zikaNayib Bukele zikhulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ihlabathi lingazinzi kule minyaka izayo, kuya kuba ngumdla ukubona indlela i-El Salvador eya kukwazi ngayo ukutyhubela amaxesha anzima.
UBukele unokuhlawulela iimfuno zokuhlawula amatyala okwangoku. Kodwa, ukonyuka kwenqaba yakhe kwiNkundla yezoBulungisa kunye nolawulo kuye kwawohloka ngakumbi amathuba okufumana uncedo kumaziko ehlabathi.
Ke ngoko, kuya kuhlala kubonwa ukuba i-El Salvador iya kuzigcina njani kwixesha elizayo, njengoko imeko yezoqoqosho ayinakuphela kwamsinyane.
Shiya iMpendulo