Ubhubhani we-coronavirus uchaphazele iSri Lanka kungekuphela nje malunga nobomi babantu kunye namanqanaba emisebenzi kodwa njengokuwa okukhulu kwimeko yezoqoqosho yelizwe.
Oovimba baseSri Lanka behle baphantse bafikelela kwi-1.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukusukela ngoNovemba ka-2021, nto leyo eye yothusa ilizwe lonke.
Ngokukhawuleza koovimba bamazwe angaphandle bephelelwa ngamandla kwaye berhwaphiliza kumgibe wamatyala, eli lizwe lijongene neyona ngxaki yakha yambi.
ISri Lanka isecicini lokutshona, nabemi abangaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi bentywila kubuhlwempu ukusukela ngo-2020.
Inqaku lethu liza kugubungela yonke into malunga nengxaki yaseSri Lankan, apho yavela khona, kunye nalapho ihamba khona.
Ingxaki yaseSri Lankan: Intshayelelo emfutshane
ISri Lanka ibone ukunyuka kwamatyala kwakudala ngaphambi kobhubhani we-coronavirus ukusukela ngo-2014.
Nangona kunjalo, ityala lifikelele kwi-43% ye-GDP yelizwe ngo-2019 kwaye liye laba mandundu ukusukela ngoko. Ngo-2021, ityala labo langaphandle lalinyuke laya kutsho kwi-101% yeGDP yelizwe, nto leyo ebangele ukuwohloka okukhulu kwezoqoqosho.
Ilizwe linemali emalunga ne-3.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwimali-mboleko evela e-China kuphela kunye ne-62 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuya e-US. Ilizwe likwafuna iidola ezingama-500 ezigidi zeedola eIndiya ukuhlawula ukuthenga kwe-oyile ekrwada phakathi kwale ngxaki.
I-inflation yaseSri Lanka ifike kwi-11.1%, irekhodi eliphezulu, ngoNovemba, kwaye inyuke amaxabiso eemveliso ukuya kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphambili.
Oku kukhokelele ekubeni uninzi lwabantu baseSri Lankan basokole ukondla iintsapho zabo nokuba nezinto ezisisiseko neziyimfuneko.
Umongameli, uGotabaya Rajapaksa, ubhengeze imeko yezoqoqosho engxamisekileyo, kwaye umkhosi wabelwa ukuba unakekele izinto ezibalulekileyo njengerayisi kunye neswekile, ezithengiswa ngamaxabiso amiselweyo karhulumente.
Noko ke, oku akubancedi kangako abantu.
Impembelelo engalinganiyo yobhubhani we-coronavirus
Lo bhubhani awubethanga onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho eSri Lanka ngokulinganayo. Amashishini achaphazeleke kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezolimo kunye neenkonzo. Njengoko bekukho imfuno ephantsi yanaphakade, amacandelwana ajolise ekuthumeleni ngaphandle achaphazeleke kakubi.
Ulwakhiwo, ukwenziwa kwamalaphu, kunye namacandelo afana nalawo anovelwano ngakumbi kwimfuno yokothuka achaphazeleka kakhulu.
I-Moody's, i-Fitch, kunye ne-S&P ziye zawathoba amaqondo azo eSri Lankan ngenxa yefuthe elibi letyala elizweni.
Ezona zizathu zithathu zinkulu ezisemva kokuwa komgangatho bubuthathaka obuphezulu bangaphandle, ibhalansi yemali ebuthathaka, kunye nokhetho olunyiniweyo lwenkxaso-mali.
Kuba abantu abaphila ngaphantsi komlinganiselo wentlupheko nabo baye banda kakhulu, oku kuchaphazele kakhulu abantu abasebenza kumacandelo asezidolophini njengamaphondo aseNtshona ngenxa yefuthe lezoshishino.
Amaphondo aseNothern, e-Uva, eMpuma, naseSabaragamuwa nawo achaphazeleke kakhulu ngenxa yabemi abasele bengathathi ntweni kulo mmandla, ngokohlaziyo lweBhanki yeHlabathi.
Ubunzima bezoqoqosho bubethile kangakanani abemi baseSri Lanka?
“Ngoku sithenga iigram ezili-100 zeembotyi xa besithenga ikhilogram enye iveki yonke” utshilo ummi waseSri Lanka ngelixa ediza ukuba iivenkile zegrosari ziqalise njani ukuvula iipakethi zomgubo wobisi kwaye zohlulwe ngokweepakethi ze-100 grams inye kuba akukho mntu ukhoyo. uyakwazi ukuthenga ipakethi yonke.
Owona mthombo wengeniso yelizwe lukhenketho, oluye lwehla kakhulu kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zidlulileyo.
Bangaphezu kwama-200,000 abantu abaphulukene nemisebenzi kwicandelo lezohambo nokhenketho, kwaye imeko iya isiba mandundu.
Uninzi lwabemi abatsha kunye nabafundi belizwe ngoku bafolele kwi-ofisi yokundwendwela ukuba balishiye ilizwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko banako bayokuqala ubomi obutsha kwenye indawo kuba besoyika ukuvaleleka engxakini kwaye bangasindi.
Ishedyuli yokuhlawula imali mboleko yaseSri Lanka
Ilizwe kufuneka lihlawule imali-mboleko ye-7.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwimali-mboleko yangaphandle neyasekhaya, kunye ne-500 yezigidi zeerandi ibe yeyamazwe ngamazwe. iqhina lombuso intlawulo kufuneka ekupheleni kukaJanuwari.
Ilizwe lisondela ekuhlawuleni amatyala abo e-oyile adlulileyo kwi-Iran ngokubabhatala ngeti, ngokubathumelela iti exabisa i-5 yezigidi zeedola ngenyanga.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kubonakala kulula ukuthetha kunokukwenza. Ilungu eliphikisayo uHarsha de Silva uthe ityala elipheleleyo langaphandle kwinkonzo lilindeleke ukuba libe yi-4.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022, lishiya ilizwe kwimeko ye-bankruptcy epheleleyo.
Ukunqongophala kokutya eSri Lanka
Isigqibo sikamongameli esikhawulezileyo sokuvala zonke izichumisi kunye nezibulali zinambuzane kwiinyanga ezizayo ukuze anyanzelise amafama ukuba aqale ukulima ngaphandle kwesilumkiso kuye kwawa neshishini lezolimo.
Oku kungenxa yokuba ishishini lalisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa imveliso ngokusebenzisa izichumisi kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane ukulwa nokhula kunye nezinambuzane, kwaye uninzi lwamafama ngoku loyika ilahleko enkulu kunye nokuziphindezela ekulimeni naziphi na izityalo.
Oku kukhokelele kunqongophalo olukhulu lokunqongophala kokutya elizweni, okukhokelele ekuncipheni kobonelelo kunye nemfuno engaphezulu ekhokelela ekwenyukeni kwamaxabiso nangakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, isigqibo sokuvala ukungeniswa kwesichumisi sasuswa ngo-Okthobha wama-2021 ukuze kuqaliswe umsebenzi wokulima imbali.
Nangona, ukususwa kwesithintelo akwenzanga mahluko ungako kuba urhulumente khange akwazi ukuxhasa izichumisi ngenxa yokungabikho kwemali.
Amafama ebesokola nokukhawulelana neendleko zesichumiso asele besithengile, singasathethi ke ngokusithenga ngexabiso elingaxhaswanga. Ngaphezu koko, bayathandabuza ukutyala imali ekulimeni izilimo kuba abaqinisekanga enoba baza kwenza ingeniso na ngaloo nto.
Amanyathelo oncedo lwexeshana afana neentambo zetyala zokungenisa amayeza, amafutha kunye nokutya okuvela kubamelwane abafana neIndiya ziyathathwa.
Ukutshintshana kwemali kuyenzeka neIndiya, Bangladesh, kunye neTshayina, ngeemali-mboleko zokuthenga ipetroli eOman.
Onke la manyathelo enziwa kuphela ukunika isiqabu sexesha elifutshane kule ngxaki kwaye kuya kufuneka ukuba ihlawulwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba akuhlawulwanga ngexesha, kuya kubangela kuphela ingxaki ebalulekileyo yokuwela kumgibe wamatyala kunye nokucwila ekugqibeleni.
Abantu bebemi emgceni iiyure nje ukuze bathenge i-1/4 yeempahla eziyimfuneko kuba akukho mntu unakho ukuhlawula oko bebekade bekuthenga ngaphambili.
Irayisi, imifuno, iziqhamo, intlanzi, imifuno, isonka, nayo yonke enye into iye yabona ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, kwaye uninzi lweentsapho ezinemivuzo ephantsi ezinabasebenzi abarhola imihla ngemihla azikwazi ukuthenga nokutya okusisiseko ngexesha elinye. Nkqu nelona candelo lizizityebi elizweni lizama ukubanika ukutya kwemihla ngemihla.
Imveliso yeti kulindeleke ukuba yehle ngama-50%, nto leyo eyenza ibe mandundu ingxaki yokutya.
Yintoni eyakhokelela kwintlekele yezoqoqosho yaseSri Lanka?
Ngelixa ubhubhane ube nendima enkulu ekugxininiseni ingxaki yezoqoqosho eSri Lanka ngenxa yokuvalwa kwendlela kunye nokuncipha kokuhamba kunye nokhenketho, kuninzi kakhulu ekuwohlokeni koqoqosho lwaseSri Lanka.
- Inkcitho ephezulu ngurhulumente olawulayo
- Ukuthotywa kwerhafu okuchaphazela ingeniso karhulumente
- Iingeniso zotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle ziyehla
- Iimali-mboleko ezinkulu ezivela eTshayina kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo
- I-rupee yaseSri Lanka iye yaphazamiseka kwimarike ye-forex.
Impendulo karhulumente
Impendulo esuka kurhulumente iye yaxutywa. Amanye amagosa karhulumente akholelwa ukuba ilizwe liza kukwazi ukuyihlawula imali eninzi ebolekiweyo, ngoxa abanye bekholelwa ukuba ilizwe liza kubhanga ekupheleni kuka-2022.
I-MP de Silva ikhankanye indlela ekuphela kwesisombululo sokulwa le ngxaki kukufuna uncedo kwi-International Monetary Fund.
Izisombululo zasekhaya ziya kuba zethutyana, kwaye ukufumana isisombululo esisisigxina, i-IMF kuphela kombutho onokunceda ilizwe liphume kumgibe wamatyala.
Amagosa akwabalula indlela acinga ukuba ilizwe ngoku liza kufuna ukuboleka inzuzo efana nombona kumazwe iSri Lanka izihlobo zokondla abemi bayo.
Ibhanki ephakathi iye yacela abemi ukuba batshintshe utshintsho kunye nemali yangaphandle ukuze bomeleze i-rupee yaseSri Lankan kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ezinye iindlela zokunceda okwexeshana ziyenziwa, njengoko bekuxoxiwe ngaphambili.
Uncedo olumalunga ne-1.9 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kuxoxwa ngayo ne-Indiya, kunye ne-400-yezigidi zeedola zokutshintsha kunye ne-500 yezigidi zeedola zetyala lamafutha.
Uncedo olufanayo luye lwaxoxwa kunye ne-Bangladesh kunye ne-China kwakhona. Abanini-ziBondo baMazwe ngaMazwe bayamenywa ukuba baphinde babonisane.
Ilizwe kufuneka libuyisele i-1,000 yezigidi zeedola ngoJulayi, kwaye abatyali-mali bayabuzwa ukuba bangakulungela na ukuphinda batyale imali ukuze ilizwe lithintele le ngxaki kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Umongameli uye waqinisekisa ukuba iipakethi zoncedo azizukulinyusa izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kwaye akusayi kubakho zintshayelelo zerhafu ezitsha zokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abafakwa phantsi komthwalo ongakumbi wemali.
Akukho sigqibo malunga nephakheji yebheyile evela kwi-IMF esithathiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Yintoni enokwenziwa yiSri Lanka ukoyisa le ngxaki?
- Ukukhula komvuzo wabasebenzi kufuneka kugxininiswe, nakumacandelo angengawo amafama ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abahlala emaphethelweni bayaphakanyiswa kuqala.
- Ukusebenzela ukwandisa imveliso yezolimo kweli lizwe kunye nemivuzo yalo ngokuguqulwa kolwakhiwo
- Abalimi kufuneka baxhaswe ukuze basebenze ngezityalo ezijolise kumazwe angaphandle nezinexabiso eliphezulu.
- Ubuchwephesha bemozulu-smart, ukufikelela kwi-value-chain kunye ne-agro-logistics kufuneka iphuculwe.
- Utyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo kuhambo nokhenketho lunokunceda ekuxhaseni abantu basemaphandleni.
- Imisebenzi engeyiyo eyefama enemivuzo nayo kufuneka igxininiswe ukuze kuncedwe abantu bakhethe imithombo yokuziphilisa enemveliso.
- Uhlaziyo olubanzi kufuneka luxhaswe ukudala imisebenzi emininzi kwaye kwandiswe imveliso yezabasebenzi.
- Iziphumo kunye nezizathu zokungacwangciswanga kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
- Inguqu yesithuba kufuneka ikhuthazwe ngokubandakanywa okuqinisiweyo kwilizwe liphela.
- Utyalo-mali olukhulu kufuneka lwenziwe kwimfundo, ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nempilo.
- Awona macandelo elizwe asemngciphekweni kufuneka anikwe uncedo oluphambili njengoko engawona achaphazeleke kakhulu kule ngxaki, kwezentlalo nakwezemali.
- Impembelelo yentlekele kwimarike yabasebenzi kunye neefemu kufuneka zibekwe esweni rhoqo.
- I-Sri Lanka kufuneka iguqukele kwizityalo ezinenzuzo yorhwebo kwaye ityale imali eninzi kukhuseleko lokutya.
- Amaziko ecandelo likarhulumente kufuneka aqonde ukuba ngumsebenzi wawo ukwenza inkqubo-sikhokelo yecandelo labucala lokuphucula imali yelizwe okwangoku.
- Ulawulo lwerhafu kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo waseSri Lanka kufuneka lomelezwe kwaye lube lula ukushishina.
- I-red tape echaphazela amashishini kufuneka inqunyulwe kangangoko.
- I-Supply chain dynamics kufuneka iphuculwe ngoncedo lwe-US kunye ne-China.
- Zonke iintlobo ezintlanu zenkunzi, abantu, umzimba, imali, intlalontle kunye nendalo yendalo idinga uncedo olulinganayo kweli nqaku kumagunya aseSri Lankan.
- Ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezisemaphandleni kufuneka kwandiswe ukuxhasa ukubandakanywa kwezemali kuyo yonke indawo.
- Nje ukuba imeko ibengcono, kufuneka kugxininiswe ngakumbi nangakumbi kubuchwephesha bedijithali kwaye zonke iinkonzo zikarhulumente kufuneka zifakwe kwidijithali.
- .Imodeli yokukhula ejolise kuthunyelo kumazwe angaphandle kunye nohlumo lwabucala olukhokelwa lutyalo-mali kufuneka luhlengahlengiswe.
- I-IMF kufuneka idityaniswe ne-IMF ukuze ifumane uncedo oluninzi kangangoko ukujongana nale ngxaki.
- ISri Lanka kufuneka iphinde isebenzisane neengcali zezoqoqosho ukudala isicwangciso sezoqoqosho ukuze isizwe silwe nengxaki.
Yintoni enye enokonakala kuqoqosho lwaseSri Lanka?
Ukuba awukhathalelwanga kwangoko, uqoqosho lwaseSri Lankan lunokubanjiswa kwimeko ye-hyperinflation, efana neyaseVenezuela.
Emva koko, akunakwenzeka ukuba ibuyele kwimeko yayo yangaphambili, njengoko ilizwe laseMzantsi-Melika liye langqina kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.
Kukho uloyiko lwenkqubo yemfundo kunye nokuqeshwa kwexesha elizayo kwabafundi baseSri Lankan kuyaphazamiseka ngenxa yokungafikeleleki kweenkonzo ze-intanethi kwilizwe.
Ukuba ayilungiswanga ngexesha, kunokwenzeka ukuba ikamva labantu baseSri Lankan libandakanya ukungahambelani kwezakhono apho abafundi bangayi kulungela imisebenzi kwakhona.
Oku kuya kukhokelela kumba wedemografi kuba abasebenzi belizwe benokufumana kunzima ukuhlawulwa okukhokelela kubunzima bezemali obunzulu kamva.
Ekubeni i-rupee yaseSri Lankan sele iyancipha ngaphezu kwe-20% kwi-dollar yase-US, ukungathathi amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza kunokukhokelela ekubeni imali yaseSri Lankan ihle ngakumbi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwintlekele enkulu ngakumbi ye-forex engayi kunyangeka.
Okokugqibela, ukuba i-EU ithatha isigqibo sokurhoxisa imeko yorhwebo olukhethekileyo lwaseSri Lanka oluxabisa i-360 yezigidi zeedola minyaka le, oko kuya kukhokelela kwisibetho esibi kakhulu kwezoqoqosho ngokupheleleyo.
isiphelo
Ilizwe ngokuqinisekileyo likwenye yeendawo zalo ezimbi kakhulu, urhulumente akakwazi ukuhlawula neenkonzo ezisisiseko ze-IT ezifana neeMephu zikaGoogle.
Urhulumente uqinisekisa abemi ukuba basebenzela ukuqulunqa isicwangciso esiza kunceda ilizwe liphume kolu mgibe wamatyala, kodwa akukho nto icacayo okwangoku.
Kukho iimarike ezininzi kunye namacandelo eSri Lanka atyala imali kuwo, kwaye kunye nemeko yangoku engqondweni, apho ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunyuka kwaye uqoqosho luphela luwa, kunzima ukukholelwa nakweliphi na icala lebali.
Kukho iphakheji entsha ye-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi yokunceda kwezoqoqosho ekwabandakanya isibonelelo senyanga se-Rs. I-5000 ukuya kwi-1.5 yezigidi zamabanjwa, abasebenzi bakarhulumente, kunye namajoni akhubazekileyo ngokwahlukileyo - kodwa indlela ekunceda ngayo ukubuyisela uqoqosho ezinyaweni kuya kwenzeka kuphela xa iziphumo zibonwa ngokwenene.
Shiya iMpendulo