“Ndifuna ukufunda iincwadi zemali kunye notyalo-mali, kodwa umsebenzi wam wosuku uthatha kakhulu amandla am engqondo.”
"Mntu, ndinqwenela ukufunda incwadi kaPeter Lynch, kodwa uDan Brown etafileni yam ukhangeleka enomtsalane ngakumbi."
Ngaba uzifumana uthetha ezi zivakalisi rhoqo?
Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda iincwadi zemali, kodwa zininzi kakhulu okanye zitya ixesha kuwe?
Ungaxhalabi; sikugubungele.
Siyaqonda ukuba iincwadi zemali zikhangeleka ngathi ziyarhuqa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zinokuvuza kangakanani na.
Ke, sikhethe uthotho ukukunceda wonge ixesha kunye nomzamo -
IiVedas zezeMali zishwankathelwa ngemizuzu emi-5 okanye ngaphantsi.
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Ngoku ndifunda 'Umtyali-mali okrelekrele' okwesibini, kwaye kufuneka nditsho, onjani umgodi wegolide le ncwadi!
Eyaziwa ngokuba “yiBhayibhile yoTyalo-mali,” le ncwadi inikela isikhokelo esihle sobulumko. Ikhokela abatyali-mali ekugcineni iimvakalelo zabo kwi-roller coaster ride ukuba utyalo-mali lunokubakho.
Le ncwadi yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1949 nguBenjamin Graham, owaziwa ngokuba nguyise wotyalo-mali, kwaye yamkelwe ngokubanzi ngabasebenzi abafana. Warren Buffett kumashumi eminyaka. Enyanisweni, ukuba bekungengenxa kaGraham kunye neemfundiso zakhe, uWarren Buffett mhlawumbi akayi kuba ngumnye wabatyali-mali abakhulu kwihlabathi.
Ke, nantsi “uMtyali-mali okrelekrele” ushwankathela abantu ngokungxama….
Ukuba ucinga ukuba uGraham ubhekisa kumntu onesidanga sezemali esinqabileyo okanye one-IQ ephezulu njengomtyali-mali okrelekrele, ke nazi iindaba ezimnandi kuwe. Akakho.
Wonke umntu kufuneka abe ngumtyali-mali ophumeleleyo kukuqonda okusisiseko kwe iingxelo zemali zenkampani, ubukho bengqondo, kunye nengqondo eqinileyo yokuthembela kuvavanyo lwakho kunokuba ingxolo yemarike.
Ngoku, ngelixa uGraham ekhuthaza ukuba wonke umtyali-mali uyazi ukuba yintoni efanelekileyo kubo, ubonelela ngesakhelo okanye inkqubo yokucinga, ukuba kufuneka uthi, kubatyali-mali, ukubanceda kuhambo lwabo.
Nazi ezinye zezinto endizithathayo endizithathayo kwincwadi:
1. Ngaba uyatyala okanye uyaqikelela?
Masikhuphe iziseko endleleni kuqala.
Ukuba ujonge "ukutyeba ngokukhawuleza", okanye ukuba ixesha lentengiso kunye norhwebo kukunika iadrenaline, mhlawumbi kuya kufuneka uyitsibe le ncwadi.
Umtyali-zimali okrelekrele akathethi ngokufumana inzuzo ephambeneyo; imalunga nokuphuhlisa isakhelo sengqondo esifanelekileyo esikuxhobisa ngesakhono sokwenza izigqibo ukwenza utyalo-mali olululo ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Inyathelo lokuqala lokuba ngumtyali-mali okrelekrele kukuqonda ukuba yintoni umtyali-mali. NgokukaGraham, ungumtyali-mali xa:
- Wenza uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo noluneenkcukacha lwenkampani kwaye ube noqhelaniso lwexesha elide.
- Ukhuseleko lwakho lomgaqo aluphazamiseki
- kukho ithuba lokufumana imbuyekezo ephakathi
- Uyakuqonda ukwahluka
- awuleqeki iingeniso ezikhawulezayo kwaye ulindele imbuyekezo ekhuselekileyo & ezinzileyo evela ipotfoliyo yakho.
Nokuba yeyiphi na imisebenzi engazifezekisiyo ezi nqobo zingentla iyaqikelelwa ngokwendalo. Kwaye le ncwadi idwelisa imizekelo emininzi ebonisa ukuba uya kuba ngcono ngaphandle kokwenza intelekelelo.
2. Namathela kwizinto ezisisiseko
Umtyalomali okrelekrele akayena umntu onokuthi aqikelele i-multi-bagger elandelayo.
Kunoko, utyalo-mali oluchubekileyo yinkqubo ecingisiswe kakuhle ebandakanya ukufunda ngocoselelo ishishini, ukuvela kwalo, nolawulo lwalo. Umtyali-zimali okrelekrele kufuneka akwazi uku:
- Yahlula ixabiso lesitokhwe kwixabiso layo elingaphakathi: Abatyalomali akufanele bahlawule ixabiso eliphakamileyo kunokuba isitokhwe sifanelekile. Utyalo-mali lwexabiso lubandakanya ukubona isitokhwe esingathathwanga ngokuhlalutya imivuzo yenkampani, ii-asethi, izabelo, nolawulo. "Ukuthenga ngesaphulelo kunye nokuthengisa ngexabiso okanye iprimiyamu" yimantra.
- Yahluka ngeendlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko: Ukwahlukahlukana kunokuba yinto ekruqulayo, kodwa mthembe uGraham koku kwaye ube ngumtyali-mali okruqulayo. Ikubonelela ngomda olungileyo wokhuseleko (funda: igumbi lempazamo) kwimarike eguquguqukayo. Ngokusisiseko, awukwazi ukungahambi kakuhle ngayo yonke isitokhwe kwipotfoliyo yakho. Unokufumana abaphumeleleyo kunye nabalahlekileyo, kodwa ekugqibeleni, uya kuba luhlaza.
- Zikhuphe kwiimbono zikaMnu. Market ezihlala zitshintsha: U-Graham uchaza imarike njengomntu ongalindelekanga kwaye unesimo sengqondo esiguqukayo rhoqo emva kwesibini. Utyalo-mali lungaphantsi kokusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokuzivocavoca kweemvakalelo. UGraham ucebisa abatyali-mali ukuba baphuhlise ukuzazi, bagcine ulindelo oluyinyani, kwaye bahlule uhlalutyo lwabo olusekwe kuphando kwiimvakalelo eziguqukayo zentengiso.
3. Chaza indlela yakho yokutyala imali ngaphambi kokutsibela kuyo
Ukuba ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kusebenza ngongqamaniso kunye nendlela imarike esabela ngayo, uya kulungela ngcono ukuba nepotifoliyo ye-autopilot engadingi xesha elininzi kunye nomzamo.
Oku kufuna phantse "ibutho le-ascetic" kubuhlanya beemarike.
Kubatyali-mali abakhuselayo, ucebisa oku kulandelayo:
- Ipotfoliyo ekhuselayo kufuneka ibe nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wesitokhwe kunye neebhondi.
- Iphothifoliyo ehlukeneyo ngokwaneleyo kunye ne-10-30 stocks ngaphandle kokugqithisa kakhulu kwicandelo elithile.
- Iinkampani ezinkulu, ezibalaseleyo, kunye nenkxaso-mali yolondolozo lubhejo olukhuselekileyo kubatyali-mali abakhuselayo.
- Irekhodi elide lokuqhubeka izabelo ukufikelela emva ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-20.
- Akukho ngeniso ishotayo kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo
- Ukukhula kwemivuzo kufanele kube ngaphezulu kwama-33% kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo.
- Ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kwempahla kunye nemivuzo akukhuthazwa. Hlala kwiinkampani ezinamaxabiso emarike angaphantsi kwe-1.5 amaxesha exabiso le-asethi (i-asethi - amatyala) kunye neenkampani ezine-PE engekho ngaphezulu kwe-20.
Utyalo-mali ngonyaka yeengxowa-mali sisisombululo esisesinye sokulondoloza lonke ixesha kunye nomzamo ofunekayo ukulandela le ndlela ikhankanywe ngasentla. Iimali zesalathiso ziquka ezo nkampani zithe zazalisekisa le migaqo.
Kwelinye icala, ukuba ungumntu osoloko ephanda, khetha kwaye ubeke iliso kwipotfoliyo eguquguqukayo yesitokhwe, iibhondi, kunye funds mutual, ungumtyali-mali oshishinayo. Oku kufuna ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni.
Kubatyali-mali abasakhasayo, uGraham ucebisa ipotifoliyo enobundlobongela. Oku kufuna umsebenzi omninzi, umonde, kunye nokukwazi ukuhlala ungachatshazelwa yimibono yesitalato se-D. Imigaqo esisiseko isasebenza kule meko.
Nangona kunjalo, umtyali-mali ondlongondlongo unakho ukuguquguquka kokulungelelanisa iimfuno ngokuxhomekeke kwinkampani kunye noxabiso lwayo lwenkampani.
Umzekelo, umtyali-mali unokuvuma ukuhlawulela ngaphezulu izinto zexabiso ukuba uyayixabisa inkampani ngexabiso eliphezulu kwaye ucinga kakhulu ngenkampani.
4. Ukuziphatha kakuhle kwezeMali 101
Ukungaguquguquki kukumkani.
Awunakubeka yonke imali yakho kwipotfoliyo yakho kanye kwaye ulindele ukuba ixabiso lingaze lihle. Kunyanzelekile ukuba yenzeke.
Ngoba?
Khumbula, uMnu. Market akasoloko enengqondo kwaye usoloko ebhidekile.
Ukuyibiza ngokuba kutyalomali lwefomula, uGraham ucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-dollar-cost averaging. Beka bucala i-x% yomvuzo wakho rhoqo ngenyanga/ngekota kwaye uyityale kwipotfoliyo yakho.
Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqhelane neemeko eziguqukayo zemarike. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuhlisa iindleko zakho zotyalo-mali kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwandisa imbuyekezo enokubakho kwinkqubo. Oku kugqibelele kumtyali-mali okhuselayo.
Umtyali-mali onobundlavini unokuthatha le ndlela ngakumbi ngokuphanda ngemekobume enkulu kunye nokutyala imali ngakumbi nangakumbi xa intengiso ingqubana kwaye wonke umntu uyakhwaza, “THENGISA!” ngaloo ndlela ehlisa iindleko zakhe.
Umtyali-mali okrelekrele ngokuqinisekileyo ufanelekile ukufunda ukuba ucinga ngako. Kodwa de ube ufumana ixesha, ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku liyakwenza iqhinga!
Okunye okuvela kuBenjamin Graham: UBen Graham kuTyalo-mali, ukuThengisa, kunye nokuCinga kwizinto ezinokwenzeka
Shiya iMpendulo