Ngokunikezwa kwezikweletu eziningi ezikhangayo nemikhiqizo ebizayo emakethe, umthengi wenza izinqumo ezingalungile ngezezimali.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukushintsha lo mkhuba ngenxa yokucindezela kontanga kanye nesifiso sokubamba yonke isithembiso.
Kodwa-ke, ungathuthukisa lokhu ngokulandela umqondo ofanele futhi ungafinyelela lokho ngamamodeli engqondo afanelekile.
Nawa amanye amamodeli engqondo asebenza kahle kakhulu angakusiza wenze izinqumo ezifanele zezimali.
Yiziphi Izibonelo Zengqondo?
Ngolimi lwe-layman, amamodeli engqondo awalutho ngaphandle kokumelela ukuthi into ethile isebenza kanjani. Njengoba umbono wabantu ngezwe uhlukile, izibonelo zengqondo zisiza ekuqondeni indlela umuntu abona ngayo umhlaba engqondweni yakhe eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli engqondo asisiza ukuthi senze izinqumo ezingcono nezisheshayo futhi angaba usizo olukhulu ngenkathi senza izinqumo zezezimali. Kodwa-ke, njengoba amamodeli engqondo ehlukile ngokwawo, asikwazi ukusho ukuthi awakhohlisi noma awaphumeleli ngokuphelele.
Azihlale zinembile noma zisebenza, kodwa zingasiza ekwenzeni izinqumo ezingcono ngolwazi oluphelele. Ungasebenzisa amamodeli engqondo ngisho nalapho izimo ziba inselele ngempela. Ahlala esendleleni ngakho-ke angaba nenzuzo enkulu uma esetshenziswe kahle.
Njengoba nje kunezimiso zesayensi zemibono yesayensi, amamodeli engqondo asebenza njengesisekelo esihle kakhulu sezinqumo zezezimali. Ngakho, badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo.
Isibonelo, kusomabhizinisi, amamodeli engqondo ahlinzeka ngohlaka lwendlela yokuqhubeka ebhizinisini ngokwenza izinqumo eziphusile zokukhula kwebhizinisi.
Ngokufanayo, kumhwebi, ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele zezimali ngesikhathi esifanele kungenzeka kuphela uma kusetshenziswa amamodeli engqondo alungile.
Zisho Ukuthini Izinqumo Zezezimali Ezilungile?
Izinqumo zezezimali zingabaluleka kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi ngakho-ke, kufanele zithathwe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Noma ngabe ezezimali zomuntu siqu noma zebhizinisi, udinga ukuzabela kahle ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka kwezimali noma ukungazinzi.
Udinga ukuhlala uqaphile futhi usebenzise imodeli yengqondo efanelekile ukuze wenze izinqumo ezifanele zezimali ngesikhathi esifanele kakhulu.
Ngezansi kunohlu lwama-Mental Models angu-5 asebenza kahle kakhulu angakusiza wenze izinqumo ezifanele zezimali. Zihlole:
1. Amandla Wokuhlanganisa
Ukuhlanganisa kungachazwa kalula njengenqubo yokwengeza inzalo enzuzweni yokuqala. Le nqubo iqhubeka njalo kuze kufike inani lokuqala izimali ifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwayo.
Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa, hhayi nje inani lokuqala elitshaliwe, kodwa futhi inzalo enqwabelene kuthishanhloko ingenisa imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le nqubo iqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, ikusiza ukuthi wenze inzuzo enanini eliyinhloko nakuyo yonke inzalo ehlanganisiwe eyandulele.
Ngokwesibonelo,
Inani eliyinhloko = Rs. 100, ROI = 10% pa, Isikhathi = 10 iminyaka
Ekupheleni konyaka 1 = Inzalo etholakele kuthishanhloko ingu-Rs.10 (10% pa nge-Rs.100)
Ngakho-ke, inani elitshalwe ngemuva konyaka liba
Uthishanhloko + Unyaka 1 inzalo = 100 + 10 = 110
Ekupheleni konyaka wesi-2 = inzalo etholakele ingu-Rs.11 [10% pa ngo-Rs.110 (Rs.100 + Rs.10)
Ekupheleni konyaka 3 = Inzalo ezuziwe ingu-Rs.12.1 [10% pa ku-Rs.121 (Rs.100 + Rs.10 + Rs.11) nokunye…. Ngale ndlela, amandla okuhlanganisa asiza ekukhuleni komcebo wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
2. Izindleko Zamathuba
Ngenkathi wenza izinqumo zezezimali, kufanele ugxile kukho izindleko ezifihliwe futhi hhayi nje izindleko eziqondile. Izindleko zethuba zichazwa kakhulu njengezindleko eziphathelene nethuba elilahlekile.
Singasho nokusho ukuthi noma yini esiyenzayo, kukhona izindleko zethuba layo yonke into. Izindleko zamathuba zivela esithombeni uma kunezinye izindlela ezihlukahlukene ongakhetha kuzo. Endabeni yokukhetha okukodwa nje, azikho izindleko zethuba.
Nokho, noma nini lapho umuntu ecabanga ukutshala izimali kanye nokupaka izimali zakhe, uthola ezinye izindlela eziningi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inani elilahlekile ngokutshala imali kwenye 'A' esikhundleni somunye 'B' lingabizwa ngokuthi izindleko zethuba.
Izindleko zamathuba ziyimodeli yengqondo ebalulekile esiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezimali zomuntu ezilinganiselwe neziyivelakancane kwenzelwa inzuzo yakho siqu.
3. Inani Lamanje Eliphelele
Inani lamanje eliphelele alilutho ngaphandle kwenani lemali namuhla elizovuthwa esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho, yigama elinikezwa inani lamanje lemali ezovuthwa esikhathini esizayo. Kuyimodeli yengqondo eyisisekelo ekusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi iphrojekthi okufanele uyikhethe.
Ngokuvamile, iphrojekthi ene-NPV enhle nephezulu ikhethwa phezu kwaleyo ene-NPV ephansi noma engeyinhle. I-NPV ibhekisela kukho konke ukuhamba kwemali okunesaphulelo kwengezwe ndawonye. Isephulelo sisho ukusebenzisa inani elifanele lesaphulelo ekugelezeni kwemali ukuze liguqulwe lisuka kunani lesikhathi esizayo libe linani lamanje.
Ngale ndlela, ngokubala okufanele okusekelwe kumazinga esaphulelo afanelekile, i-NPV ingabalwa. Kungaba usizo olukhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo ezifanele zezimali ngesikhathi esifanele.
4. Inzuzo Eqhathaniswayo
I-Comparative Advantage ibhekisela entweni umuntu anekhono kuyo futhi ebonakala inenzuzo kakhulu. Umuntu angakwazi ukusizakala ngezinzuzo ezinjalo uma ehlukile kweyodwa.
NgokoMthetho Wokuqhathanisa Inzuzo, izinqumo zakho kufanele zicabangele izindleko zamathuba. Kufanele kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-Absolute Advantage ikhona noma cha.
Ake sithi uma kukhona i-Advantage ephelele phakathi kwezinto ezimbili, leyo enethuba eliphansi kakhulu kufanele ikhethwe futhi ibe yisipesheli kuyo.
Lena ithiyori yezomnotho edumile engasiza ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele zezimali ukuze ube nenhlalakahle yezezimali.
5. Ukuzisola Ngokunciphisa
Inhloso eyinhloko yale modeli yengqondo ukunciphisa ukuzisola kwesikhathi esizayo ngokuhlaziya nokuphenya izinqumo zomuntu zezimali usebenzisa i-lens yesikhathi. Umbono ngale modeli ukuthi ikusasa lomuntu lingacabanga kanjani ngezinqumo umuntu azithathayo namuhla. Igxila kancane esicini esingokwengqondo somqondo womuntu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukuzisola okukhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le modeli yengqondo ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nayo Jeff Bezos. Wasebenzisa le modeli yengqondo ukuze ayeke umsebenzi wakhe ojwayelekile futhi aqale i-Amazon lapho i-intanethi isemandleni. Ngenxa yalesi modeli yengqondo, manje sine-Amazon njengoba siyayazi namuhla.
Ukubuza umbuzo olula njengokuthi isinqumo singakunika yini ukuzisola iminyaka embalwa phansi komugqa kwesinye isikhathi kungakusiza ukuthi uzenzele isinqumo esifanele. Ngakho cabanga ngokuhlakanipha, bese ukhetha izinqumo ezingakubangela noma uzisole kancane esikhathini esizayo.
Efingqa
Ungawaqonda amamodeli engqondo njengezinhlaka ezichazwe ngaphambilini ezingaletha umphumela ohlukile kunalokho obuyoba umphumela ukube uthathe izinqumo zezezimali ngokusekelwe kusethi yezinkolelo zazo zangempela. Asebenza njengebhokisi lamathuluzi okwenza izinqumo eziphumelelayo.
Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi amamodeli afanelekile asetshenziswa ukuze axazulule inkinga ethile, njengoba nje kungewona wonke amathuluzi alungele yonke into.
Ngokukhetha uhlaka olufanele lwemodeli yengqondo, ungenza kalula izinqumo ezifanele zezimali ngesikhathi esifanele, ngaleyo ndlela uqinisekise ukuthi ithuba lokwenza ingcebo lisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.
shiya impendulo