“Ngifuna ukufunda izincwadi zezimali nokutshalwa kwezimali, kodwa umsebenzi wami wosuku uthatha amandla ami engqondo amaningi.”
"Ndoda, ngifisa sengathi ngingakwazi ukufunda incwadi kaPeter Lynch, kodwa uDan Brown osetafuleni lami ubukeka ekhanga kakhulu."
Ingabe uzithola usho le misho njalo?
Uyafuna ukufunda izincwadi zezimali, kodwa zikhulu kakhulu noma zidla isikhathi kuwe?
Ungakhathazeki; sikubekele wena.
Siyaqonda ukuthi izincwadi zezimali zibukeka njengokudonsa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingavuza kangakanani.
Ngakho-ke, sikhethe uchungechunge ukukusiza wonge isikhathi nomzamo -
I-Finance Vedas ifinyezwa emizuzwini emi-5 noma ngaphansi.
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Njengamanje ngifunda 'The Intelligent investor' okwesibili, futhi kufanele ngisho, yeka ukuthi le ncwadi iyimgodi wegolide kangakanani!
Njengoba idume ngokuthi “IBhayibheli Lokutshala Imali,” le ncwadi inikeza uhlaka oluhlakaniphile lobuhlakani. Iqondisa abatshalizimali ekugcineni imizwelo yabo ibheke ekuhambeni kwe-roller coaster ukuthi ukutshala imali kungaba.
Le ncwadi yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo-1949 nguBenjamin Graham, owaziwa ngokuba nguyise wokutshala imali, futhi iye yamukelwa kabanzi ngabasebenza njenge. UWarren Buffett phakathi namashumi eminyaka. Eqinisweni, ukube bekungeyena uGraham nezimfundiso zakhe, uWarren Buffett cishe ubengeke abe omunye wabatshalizimali abakhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni.
Ngakho-ke, nansi “Umtshalizimali Ohlakaniphile” efingqiwe kubantu ngokuxhamazela….
Uma ucabanga ukuthi u-Graham ubhekisele kumuntu oneziqu zezezimali zikanokusho noma one-IQ ephezulu njengomtshali-zimali ohlakaniphile, nazi izindaba ezinhle kuwe. Akayena.
Konke okudingayo ukuze ube umtshali-zimali ophumelelayo ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwe izitatimende zezimali zenkampani, ukuba khona kwengqondo, kanye nomqondo oqinile wokuthembela ekuhloleni kwakho siqu kunomsindo wemakethe.
Manje, ngenkathi uGraham ekhuthaza ukuthi wonke umtshali-zimali uyazi ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kubo, uhlinzeka ngohlaka noma inqubo yokucabanga, uma kufanele uthi, kubatshalizimali, ukubasiza ohambweni lwabo.
Nazi ezinye zezintandokazi zami engizithatha encwadini:
1. Ingabe uyatshala noma uyaqagela?
Ake sisuse okuyisisekelo endleleni kuqala.
Uma ufuna uhlelo "lokuceba ngokushesha", noma uma isikhathi semakethe nokuhweba kukunikeza i-adrenaline, mhlawumbe kufanele weqe le ncwadi.
Umtshali-zimali ohlakaniphile akaphathelene nokuthola inzuzo engasile; imayelana nokwakha uhlaka oluqinile lwengqondo olukuhlomisa ngekhono lokuthatha izinqumo ukwenza ukutshalwa kwezimali okufanele ngentengo efanele.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuba umtshali-zimali ohlakaniphile ukuqonda ukuthi umtshali-zimali uyini. NgokukaGraham, ungumtshalizimali uma:
- Wenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele nokunemininingwane yenkampani futhi unomumo wesikhathi eside.
- Ukuphepha kwakho kwesimiso akuphazamiseki
- kunethuba lokuzuza imbuyiselo emaphakathi
- Uyakuqonda ukuhlukahluka
- awujahi inzuzo esheshayo futhi ulindele izimbuyiselo eziphephile neziqinile ezivela iphothifoliyo yakho.
Noma yimiphi imisebenzi engafezi le mibandela engenhla iwukuqagela ngokwemvelo. Futhi le ncwadi ifaka izibonelo eziningi ezibonisa ukuthi uzoba ngcono ngaphandle kokuzibandakanya ekuqageleni.
2. Namathela ezintweni eziyisisekelo
Umtshali-zimali ohlakaniphile akayena umuntu ongabikezela i-multi-bagger elandelayo.
Kunalokho, ukutshala izimali ngobuhlakani kuyinqubo ecatshangelwe kahle ehilela ukutadisha ngokucophelela ibhizinisi, ukuvela kwalo, nokuphathwa kwalo. Umtshali-zimali ohlakaniphile kufanele akwazi:
- Hlukanisa intengo yesitoko kunani layo langaphakathi: Abatshalizimali akufanele bakhokhe inani eliphakeme kunaleyo isitoko esikufanele. Ukutshalwa kwe-value kuhlanganisa ukubona amasheya angabalulekile ngokuhlaziya amaholo enkampani, izimpahla, izabelo, nabaphathi. “Ukuthenga ngesaphulelo nokuthengisa ngenani eliphansi noma nge-premium” iyimantra.
- Zihlukanise ngendlela yokunciphisa ubungozi: Ukuhlukahluka kungase kubangele, kodwa thembela u-Graham kulokhu futhi ube umtshali-zimali oyisicefe. Ikunikeza umkhawulo omuhle wokuphepha (funda: indawo yephutha) emakethe eguquguqukayo. Ngokuyisisekelo, awukwazi ukungahambi kahle ngaso sonke isitoko esikuphothifoliyo yakho. Ungase uthole abawinile futhi abanye abehluliwe, kodwa ekugcineni, uzoba luhlaza.
- Zihlukanise nemibono kaMnu. Market ehlala ishintsha: U-Graham uchaza imakethe njengomuntu ongaqageleki futhi onemizwa eguquguqukayo njalo ngomzuzwana. Ukutshala imali kungaphansi kokusebenza kwengqondo futhi kuwumsebenzi ongokomzwelo. U-Graham weluleka abatshalizimali ukuthi bathuthukise ukuzazi, bagcine okulindelekile okungokoqobo, futhi bahlukanise ukuhlaziya kwabo okusekelwe ocwaningweni ekushintsheni imizwa yemakethe.
3. Chaza indlela yakho yokutshala imali ngaphambi kokugxumela kukho
Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kusebenza ngokuvumelanisa nendlela imakethe esabela ngayo, uzofaneleka kangcono ukuba nephothifoliyo yokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo engadingi isikhathi esiningi nomzamo.
Lokhu kudinga cishe "ibutho le-ascetic" kusukela ebuhlanya bezimakethe.
Kubatshalizimali abavikelayo, uphakamisa okulandelayo:
- Iphothifoliyo yokuzivikela kufanele ibe nengxenye efanele yamasheya namabhondi.
- Iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene ngokwanele enamasheya ayi-10-30 ngaphandle kokuchayeka ngokweqile emkhakheni othile.
- Izinkampani ezinkulu, ezivelele, kanye nezimali ezilondolozayo ziwukubheja okuphephile kubatshalizimali abavikelayo.
- Irekhodi elide lokuqhubekayo izabelo ukufinyelela emuva okungenani eminyakeni engu-20.
- Akukho okushodayo kwezinzuzo kule minyaka engu-10 edlule
- Ukukhula kweholo kufanele kube kukhulu kuno-33% eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule.
- Ukukhokhela ngokweqile kwezimpahla nezinzuzo akunconywa. Namathela ezinkampanini ezinamanani entengo yazo emakethe angaphansi kokuphindwe ka-1.5 kunenani lengqikithi yempahla (izimpahla - izikweletu) kanye nezinkampani ezine-PE engekho ngaphezu kuka-20.
Ukutshala imali ngonyaka isikhwama sezinkomba iyisixazululo esihlukile sokonga sonke isikhathi nomzamo odingekayo ukuze ulandele le ndlela eshiwo ngenhla. Izimali zenkomba zihlanganisa lezo zinkampani ezifeza kakhulu lezi zindlela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ungumuntu oqhubeka nokucwaninga, khetha futhi ugade iphothifoliyo eguquguqukayo yesitoko, amabhondi, kanye izimali zomphakathi, ungumtshali zimali osakhulayo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Kubatshalizimali abasafufusa, u-Graham uncoma iphothifoliyo enolaka. Lokhu kudinga umsebenzi omningi, isineke, kanye nekhono lokuhlala ungathinteki imibono ye-D-street. Izimiso eziyisisekelo zisasebenza kulesi simo.
Kodwa-ke, umtshali-zimali onolaka unokuvumelana nezimo ukuze alungise izidingo kuye ngenkampani nokulinganisa kwayo inkampani.
Isibonelo, umtshali-zimali angase azimisele ukukhokha ngokweqile impahla uma eyazisa inkampani ngenani eliphezulu futhi ecabanga kakhulu ngenkampani.
4. Ukuziphatha Kwezezimali 101
Ukuvumelana kuyinkosi.
Awukwazi ukufaka yonke imali yakho kuphothifoliyo yakho ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ulindele inani ukuthi lingalokothi lehle. Kuzokwenzeka nakanjani.
Kungani?
Khumbula, uMnu. Market akahlali enengqondo futhi cishe uhlale edidekile.
Ekubiza ngokutshalwa kwefomula, u-Graham uncoma ukuthi kusetshenziswe uhlelo olubizwa nge-dollar-cost averaging. Beka eceleni u-x% weholo lakho njalo ngenyanga/ngekota futhi uyitshale esitokweni sakho sephothifoliyo.
Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uvumelane nezimo ezishintshayo zemakethe. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bakho ngokwehlisa izindleko zakho zokutshala imali futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise imbuyiselo engaba khona kule nqubo. Lokhu kuphelele kumtshali-zimali ovikelayo.
Umtshali-zimali onolaka angathatha le ndlela kancane ngokucwaninga imvelo enkulu futhi atshale imali kakhulu lapho imakethe iphahlazeka futhi wonke umuntu ememeza, “THENGISA!” ngaleyo ndlela ehlise izindleko zakhe.
I-Intelligent Investor ikufanele ngempela ukufunda uma ucabanga ngakho. Kodwa kuze kube yilapho uthola isikhathi, ngethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikwenzela iqhinga!
Impendulo esuka ku Benjamin Graham: U-Ben Graham Ngokutshala, Ukuqagela, kanye Nokucabanga Ngamathuba
shiya impendulo