"Ndikufuna kuwerenga mabuku azachuma ndi ndalama, koma ntchito yanga yamasiku ano imandivuta kwambiri."
"Amuna, ndikanakonda ndikadawerenga buku lija la Peter Lynch, koma Dan Brown patebulo langa akuwoneka wosangalatsa kwambiri."
Kodi mumadzipeza mukunena mawu awa pafupipafupi?
Kodi mukufuna kuwerenga mabuku azachuma, koma ndi ochulukira kapena akuwonongerani nthawi?
Osadandaula; takupatsani inu.
Timamvetsetsa kuti mabuku azachuma amawoneka ngati kukokera, ngakhale atakhala opindulitsa bwanji.
Chifukwa chake, tasankha zingapo kuti zikuthandizeni kusunga nthawi ndi khama -
Ma Vedas a Zachuma amafotokozedwa mwachidule mu mphindi 5 kapena kuchepera.
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Panopa ndikuwerenga 'The Intelligent investor' kachiwiri, ndipo ndiyenera kunena kuti, bukuli ndi mgodi wagolide bwanji!
Bukuli, lodziwika bwino monga “Baibulo la Investing,” lili ndi mfundo zomveka bwino. Imatsogolera osunga ndalama kuti asunge malingaliro awo paulendo wokwera kwambiri womwe kugulitsa kungakhale.
Bukuli lidasindikizidwa koyamba mu 1949 ndi Benjamin Graham, yemwe amadziwika kuti tate wa kuyika ndalama zamtengo wapatali, ndipo adavomerezedwa mofala ndi akatswiri ngati. Warren Buffett kwa zaka zambiri. M'malo mwake, pakadapanda Graham ndi ziphunzitso zake, Warren Buffett mwina sakanakhala m'modzi mwa osunga ndalama kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi "The Intelligent Investor" mwachidule kwa anthu mothamanga….
Ngati mukuganiza kuti Graham akunena za munthu yemwe ali ndi digiri yapamwamba yazachuma kapena IQ yapamwamba ngati Investor wanzeru, ndiye nkhani yabwino ndi iyi kwa inu. Iye sali.
Zonse zomwe munthu amafunikira kuti akhale Investor wopambana ndikumvetsetsa koyambira ndondomeko zachuma za kampani, kukhalapo kwa malingaliro, ndi malingaliro olimba odalira kuunika kwanu osati phokoso la msika.
Tsopano, pamene Graham amalimbikitsa kuti wogulitsa aliyense amadziwa zomwe zili zabwino kwa iwo, amapereka ndondomeko kapena malingaliro, ngati munganene, kwa osunga ndalama, kuti awathandize paulendo wawo.
Nazi zina mwazinthu zomwe ndimakonda kuchokera m'bukuli:
1. Kodi mukuyika ndalama kapena mukungoganizira?
Tiyeni tichotse zoyambira panjira kaye.
Ngati mukuyang'ana chiwembu cha "kulemerera mwachangu", kapena ngati msika ndi malonda amakupatsani adrenaline, mwina muyenera kudumpha bukhuli.
Investor wanzeru si za kupeza wopenga phindu; ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo labwino lamalingaliro lomwe limakupatsirani luso lopanga zisankho kuti mupange ndalama zoyenera pamtengo woyenera.
Chinthu choyamba kuti mukhale Investor wanzeru ndikumvetsetsa zomwe Investor ali. Malinga ndi Graham, ndinu Investor pamene:
- Mumasanthula mozama komanso mwatsatanetsatane za kampaniyo ndikukhala ndi chidziwitso chanthawi yayitali.
- Chitetezo chanu cha mfundo sichimasokonezedwa
- pali kuthekera kopeza phindu lapakati
- Mukumvetsa kusiyanasiyana
- simumathamangitsa mapindu achangu ndipo mumayembekezera kubweza kotetezeka komanso kokhazikika kuchokera mbiri yanu.
Zochita zilizonse zomwe sizikukwaniritsa zomwe zili pamwambapa ndizongopeka. Ndipo bukhuli lili ndi zitsanzo zambiri zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mudzakhala bwino popanda kuchita zongopeka.
2. Samalirani mfundo zofunika kwambiri
Wogulitsa ndalama wanzeru si munthu amene angathe kulosera zamitundu yambirimbiri.
M'malo mwake, kuika ndalama mwanzeru ndi njira yoganiziridwa bwino yomwe imaphatikizapo kufufuza mosamala za bizinesi, kusintha kwake, ndi kayendetsedwe kake. Wopanga ndalama wanzeru ayenera:
- Siyanitsa mtengo wamasheya ndi mtengo wake weniweni: Otsatsa sayenera kulipira mtengo wokwera kuposa momwe katunduyo alili. Kuyika ndalama zamtengo wapatali kumaphatikizapo kuwona masheya otsika mtengo posanthula phindu la kampani, katundu, zopindula, ndi kasamalidwe. "Kugula pamtengo wotsika ndikugulitsa pamtengo kapena premium" ndiye mantra.
- Phatikizani m'njira zochepetsera zoopsa: Kusiyanasiyana kungakhale kotopetsa, koma khulupirirani Graham pa izi ndikukhala wochita bizinesi wotopetsa. Zimakupatsirani malire abwino achitetezo (werengani: malo olakwika) pamsika wosasinthika. Kwenikweni, simungathe kusokonekera ndi katundu aliyense mu mbiri yanu. Mutha kupeza opambana ena ndi otayika, koma pamapeto pake, mudzakhala obiriwira.
- Dzipatuleni pamalingaliro osintha a Mr. Market: Graham akufotokoza msika ngati munthu yemwe sadziwikiratu komanso amasinthasintha sekondi iliyonse. Kuyika ndalama ndizochepa chabe mwaluntha komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Graham amalangiza osunga ndalama kuti azitha kudzidziwitsa okha, kusunga zoyembekeza zenizeni, ndikulekanitsa kusanthula kwawo kozikidwa pa kafukufuku ndikusintha malingaliro amsika.
3. Fotokozani kalembedwe kanu ka ndalama musanalowemo
Ngati kugunda kwa mtima wanu kumagwirizana ndi momwe msika umachitira, mudzakhala oyenerera kukhala ndi mbiri ya autopilot yomwe siifuna nthawi yambiri ndi khama.
Izi zimafuna pafupifupi "kudzipatula" kuchokera kumisala yamisika.
Kwa ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, amalimbikitsa zotsatirazi:
- Ntchito yodzitchinjiriza iyenera kukhala ndi gawo loyenera la masheya ndi ma bond.
- Mbiri yosiyanasiyana yokwanira yokhala ndi masheya 10-30 popanda kuwonetsa gawo linalake.
- Makampani akuluakulu, otchuka, komanso omwe ali ndi ndalama zosungirako ndalama ndi ndalama zotetezeka kwa osunga ndalama.
- Mbiri yayitali yopitilira malipiro kubwereranso mpaka zaka 20.
- Palibe kuchepa kwa zopeza m'zaka 10 zapitazi
- Kukula kwa ndalama kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo kuposa 33% pazaka 10 zapitazi.
- Kulipira mochulukira kwa katundu ndi zopeza sizovomerezeka. Tsatirani makampani omwe mitengo yawo yamsika imakhala yochepera 1.5 kuchuluka kwamtengo (katundu - ngongole) ndi makampani omwe ali ndi PE yosapitilira 20.
Kuyika ndalama mu chaka thumba la ndondomeko ndi njira ina yothetsera kupulumutsa nthawi ndi khama lofunika kutsatira njira yomwe tatchulayi. Ndalama za index zimakhala ndi makampani omwe amakwaniritsa izi.
Kumbali ina, ngati ndinu munthu amene mumafufuza mosalekeza, sankhani ndikuyang'anira masheya, ma bond, ndi mwagwirizana ndalama, ndinu ochitachita bizinesi. Izi ndizovuta mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo.
Kwa otsatsa malonda, Graham amalimbikitsa mbiri yankhanza. Izi zimafuna ntchito yambiri, kuleza mtima, komanso kuthekera kokhala osakhudzidwa ndi malingaliro a D-street. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zikugwirabe ntchito pankhaniyi.
Komabe, wochita bizinesi wankhanza amakhala ndi mwayi wosintha zomwe akufuna kutengera kampaniyo komanso kuwerengera kwake kwa kampaniyo.
Mwachitsanzo, wobwereketsa akhoza kukhala wokonzeka kubweza katundu wake mochuluka ngati amaona kuti kampaniyo ndi yamtengo wapatali ndipo amaganizira kwambiri kampaniyo.
4. Kusamala pazachuma 101
Kukhazikika ndi mfumu.
Simungathe kuyika ndalama zanu zonse nthawi imodzi ndikuyembekeza kuti mtengo wake usatsike. Ziyenera kuchitika.
Chifukwa chiyani?
Kumbukirani, Bambo Market nthawi zonse sakhala oganiza bwino ndipo nthawi zonse amasokonezeka.
Poyitcha kuti kuyika ndalama, Graham amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa dollar-cost avareging. Ikani pambali x% ya ndalama zomwe mumapeza mwezi uliwonse / kotala ndikuziyika muzinthu zanu.
Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mugwirizane ndi kusintha kwa msika. Izi zimachepetsa chiwopsezo chanu potsitsa mtengo wandalama zanu ndikuwonjezera mwayi wobwerera kunjirayo. Izi ndi zabwino kwa Investor chitetezo.
Wogulitsa ndalama wankhanza angatenge njira iyi mopitilira muyeso pofufuza momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira ndikuyika ndalama zambiri msika ukawonongeka ndipo aliyense akuwa, "GULIKIZA!" potero amatsitsa mtengo wake.
The Intelligent Investor ndiyoyenera kuwerenga ngati mukuganiza za izi. Koma mpaka mutapeza nthawi, ndikuyembekeza kuti nkhaniyi ikuchitirani chinyengo!
Zambiri kuchokera kwa Benjamin Graham: Ben Graham pa Kuyika, Kulingalira, ndi Kuganiza mu Zotheka
Siyani Mumakonda