NgoLwesibini, umhla woku-1 kuFebruwari 2022, ubone umsitho woHlahlo lwabiwo-mali loManyano owenziwe nguMphathiswa wezeMali waseIndiya, uNksz. Nirmala Sitharaman.
Wayephethe ithebhulethi ukufunda ulwabiwo lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kuwo onke amashishini, evuselela ingcamango yedijithali kwilizwe.
Makhe sijonge amagqabantshintshi aphambili kuBudget'22 ukuze sibone ukuba urhulumente ucwangcisele ntoni ilizwe kulo nyaka.
Ukwenziwa kweDijithali kunye neTekhnoloji
Kubekho ugqaliselo olukhulu kwidijithali ngurhulumente emva kwexesha, kwaye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali bubungqina boko.
Awona manqaku aphambili kwicandelo ledijithali kunye nethekhnoloji yaba –
1. Ukuseka iyunivesiti yedijithali kuya kwenzeka kwilizwe lonke ukubonelela abafundi baseIndiya ukufikeleleka kwimfundo bekude kunye nokufundisa okukumgangatho wehlabathi. Ezi klasi ziya kuqhutywa ngeelwimi ezininzi zengingqi ukukhuthaza imfundo kuzo zonke iinkalo nokuphucula indlela abafundi abaqhuba ngayo ezifundweni zabo.
2. Kuya kubakho i-auction ye-5G ye-spectrum eyenziwa ngonyaka we-2022-23 ukukhupha inethiwekhi yenkonzo yeselula ye-5G kulo nyaka ngamaqumrhu abucala. I-spectrum ekhokelwa kuyilo nayo iya kusungulwa ukuze kulungiswe inkqubo yendalo eyomeleleyo ye-5G ukukhuthaza unxibelelwano oluluqilima kwilizwe liphela.
3. Zonke iiposi, ezibalelwa kwii-35 crores ngenani, ngoku ziya kuqhagamshelwa kwisistim yebhanki. Oku kuya kunceda abantu abakwiindawo ezikude nezisemaphandleni kwaye abantu abadala bafikelele kwii-akhawunti zabo ze-PO ngokulula kwiifowuni zabo eziphathwayo. Abantu baya kuba nakho ukudlulisela imali phakathi kweeakhawunti zeposi ezahlukeneyo kunye neebhanki ngaphandle komthungo.
4. I-ecosystem yezempilo ye-digital ecosystem iya kuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza ukuphucula ukhathalelo lwezempilo kwilizwe kunye nokuphucula ukunakekelwa kwezigulane kunye nombutho we-akhawunti. Ukongezwa okutsha kwesi sikimu yiNkqubo yeSizwe yeMpilo yeNgqondo yeSizwe, esungulelwe impilo yengqondo yabemi abachatshazelwayo ngenxa yobhubhane oya kunika iingcebiso ezisemgangathweni.
5. Ilizwe limiselwe ukusungula i-rupee yokuqala yedijithali esemthethweni, eya kusebenza kwinethiwekhi ye-blockchain. Imali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi. Iza kukhulisa uqoqosho lwelizwe lwedijithali ngokukhuthaza iintlawulo ezingaphezulu ezisekelwe kubuchwephesha kunye nenkangeleko yaseIndiya kwiintlawulo ezingenakheshi.
6. Iinkqubo zebhanki ezingama-75 sele zilungele ukusungulwa kwizithili ezingama-75 ezahlukeneyo ukukhuthaza iitransekshini zezemali ezilula kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nasezidolophini.
7. I-Chip embedded e-Passports enobuchwepheshe bexesha elizayo iya kuqaliswa ukunceda bonke abemi abanohambo olungenamthungo phesheya kolwandle. Ukusebenzisa iipaspoti zomzimba kuya kuncitshiswa ngeli nyathelo ledijithali.
Izibonelelo
Ugqaliselo olukhulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo zelizwe luye lwavela ngoHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lweManyano lowama-2022.
Ukusuka ekwakhiweni koohola beendlela, ukuxhasa ngemali ukuphuculwa nokwakhiwa koololiwe, ukunika inkxaso kwamanye amalinge ophuhliso – malunga ne-Rs. I-40 lakh crores ibekelwe bucala ukuxhasa iziseko zophuhliso zaseIndiya.
1. Oohola bendlela beSizwe bamiselwe ukuba bandiswe ngeekhilomitha ezingama-25,000 kulo nyaka, kunye nenkqubo yesizwe yophuhliso lweropeway esungulwe kwimodeli yobambiswano lukarhulumente nelabucala. Uthungelwano lweendlela olomeleleyo elizweni luya kunceda ekukhuleni koqoqosho lwaseIndiya kunye nokuphucula uthungelwano lohola wendlela.
2. Izitimela ze-400 zesizukulwana esitsha seVande Bharat kunye ne-100 entsha ye-cargo terminals iya kwaziswa kwaye iphuhliswe kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo. Malunga ne-1.5 lakh crores yabelwe oololiwe kulo nyaka.
3. I-Rs. I-1500 ye-crores ibekelwe bucala ngokukodwa kumanyathelo ophuhliso eMntla Mpuma kunye ukuxhasa imisebenzi yokuziphilisa yabasetyhini kunye nolutsha lukarhulumente.
4. Iipaka zolungiselelo lweendlela ezininzi ziya kuphunyezwa kulo nyaka-mali kwiindawo ezine ezahlukeneyo.
Oku kuya kwandisa umthamo welizwe wokuphatha imithwalo kunye nommandla ubuncinane weehektare ezili-100 kwiyunithi nganye eneendawo ezikhethekileyo zokugcina, uthutho olulula, kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla ezinoomatshini.
ulimo
Nanjengoko ulimo lungundoqo welizwe lethu, belusoloko lugxininiso olukhulu kulo lonke uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Nakulo nyaka, ingqwalasela kumafama kunye nokuzinza kwawo kuye kwathathwa njengento ephambili ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi bamaKisaans bethu bukhuselekile.
1. Ingeniso eqinisekisiweyo kuwo onke amafama ibhengezwe ngesabelo esingaphezu kwe-Rs. I-2 lakh crores eza kungena kwixabiso elithe ngqo lenkxaso yentlawulo yengqolowa kunye ne-paddy ezolimo kulo nyaka.
2. I-Kisan Drones yovavanyo lwezityalo, i-digitalization yeerekhodi, kunye nokutshizwa kwezibulali zinambuzane zinikwa ingqwalasela enkulu ngokunjalo, kunye norhulumente oxhasa kakhulu yonke i-Drone eyenza i-startups yokutshisa ezolimo zaseNdiya ngeteknoloji.
3. Eli ziko lixhasa ukulima ngaphandle kweekhemikhali kunye nokulima kwendalo ngePPP ngokuzisa iinkonzo zobugcisa obuphezulu kunye nedijithali kuwo onke amafama elizwe. Inkxaso-mali yabelwe ukuxhasa ngokupheleleyo amashishini namashishini ezolimo nasemaphandleni.
4. Uphuculo olungakumbi nangakumbi luyaqwalaselwa kwicandelo lezolimo lamahlathi kunye namahlathi abucala ezolimo zaseIndiya, kukho utshintsho lwemithetho oluqhubekayo kunye nenkxaso yemali kumafama asuka kumatyala eSC kunye neST.
5. Isilabhasi yeeyunivesithi zezolimo iza kuhlaziywa kulo nyaka ukuze ihambelane nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwendalo, ulimo oluphilayo, ulawulo lokongezwa kwexabiso, kunye nenkqubo yezolimo yanamhlanje.
irhafu
Nangona i irhafu engenayo ii-slabs zihlala zifana nangaphambili, kubekho utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu.
1. Zonke ii-asethi zedijithali, kuquka i-cryptocurrencies kunye ne-Digital Rupee esanda kuqaliswa, iya kuhlawuliswa irhafu ye-30%. Zombini udluliselo kunye neengeniso ziya kubandakanywa kule pesenti yerhafu, ngaphandle kokubalwa kwenkcitho okanye kutsalwa kwesibonelelo, ngaphandle kweendleko zokufunyanwa kwezi asethi. I-1% ye-TDS eyongezelelweyo iya kuhlawuliswa ngelixa usebenzisa i-asethi yedijithali ngexesha layo nayiphi na intengiselwano yezemali ukugcina irekhodi.
2. Bonke abasebenzi bamaziko kunye norhulumente karhulumente baya kungqina ukwanda komyinge wokuxhuzulwa kwerhafu ukusuka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-14% ukuphucula izibonelelo zokhuseleko loluntu ezibonelelwa ngoorhulumente baseburhulumenteni kubasebenzi babo kwaye zibazise ngokulingana nabasebenzi bakarhulumente ophakathi.
3. Unciphiso lwentlawulo eyongezelelweyo yenkampani luye lwaqhutywa kwakhona njengenxalenye yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweManyano ka-2022, eyathotywa ukusuka kwi-12% ukuya kwi-7.
4. Imibutho esebenza ngokubambisana iya kuhlawuliswa i-15% yerhafu encinci engenye kwi-18.5% yangaphambili, ngelixa iinkampani ziya kuvunyelwa ukuba zihlawule i-15% kuphela.
5. Urhulumente ubeke umyinge we-15 ekhulwini lerhafu yerhafu yeshishini kuzo zonke iinkampani ezintsha ezivelisayo kude kube sekupheleni kwalo nyaka-mali wama-2022–2023.
Utyalo mali
Malunga ne-1 lakh yecrore yabelwe ukunceda ilizwe notyalo-mali, kubandakanywa nokuncedisa amazwe ekukhawuleziseni umbono wotyalo-mali loqoqosho ngokubanzi.
1. I-Indiya ngoku iza kukhupha iibhondi ezizimeleyo ukuxhasa ngemali iziseko ezingundoqo zohlaza elizweni njengenxalenye yenkqubo karhulumente yokuboleka imali kulo nyaka. Oku kuya kunceda abantu batyale imali kwizibambiso zikarhulumente ezinembuyekezo enokubakho kwixesha elizayo.
2. I-Rs. I-7.5 lakh crore yabelwa inkcitho eyinkunzi kunye nokutyhala okukhulu kweCAPEX kuvuselelo loqoqosho lwelizwe emva kweminyaka emibini yobhubhane.
3. Utyalo mali lwelizwe luxhomekeke kwi-Rs. I-65,000 ye-crores ngeenkampani zikarhulumente, ngaphantsi kwesixa sonyaka ophelileyo se-1.75 lakh crore, ebonisa ukuhla kukarhulumente kumashishini.
4. Urhulumente uza kufuna utyalo-mali lwe-203 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngokusungula i-LIC IPO yakhe kwintengiso ye-5% yesabelo sayo kwinkampani.
5. Utyalo-mali oluyinkunzi luya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-1.3% ukuya kwi-2.9% ye-GDP ukuxhasa uqoqosho.
Education
Ukunyuka kwe-Rs. I-11,000 ye-crores kunesiqhelo, uHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lweManyano lunikeze malunga ne-Rs. I-1 lakh crore yecandelo lezemfundo kwaye yonke imiselwe ukuba igxile kakhulu ekuphuculeni abafundi ababephakathi kwezona zinto zichaphazeleke kakhulu ngexesha lo bhubhani.
1. Ilinge le-One-Class Channel Channel liqwalaselwa phantsi kweskim se-PM's e-Vidya. Amatshaneli emfundo aya kwandiswa ukusuka ku-20 ukuya kuma-200 ukukhuthaza imfundo esemgangathweni kwiilwimi nezifundo ezahlukeneyo.
2. Imfundo ngedijithali nayo ihambela phambili, nge-Rs. Izigidi ezingama-400 zabelwe okufanayo.
3. Kuya kusungulwa iskim sokufundisa i-e-content ekumgangatho ophezulu kusetyenziswa iikhosi ezahlukeneyo neza kuqhutywa nge-online mode ngootitshala bedijithali.
4 Rs. I-1800 leecrores yabelwe izikolo eziyi-15,000 ukuphumeza uMgaqo-nkqubo weMfundo kaZwelonke ka-2020 nokuphucula umgangatho nokugqwesa okwenziwa zizikolo.
5. Isebe lophando kunye nentsha liya kunikwa i-Rs. 200 yezigidi, kunye nezibonelelo ezifikelela kwi-Rs. 9420 crores (kwiiyunivesithi eziphambili) kunye nokwanda IIT kunye nezibonelelo IIM xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo.
Intlalontle
Intlalontle ibisoloko iyinto ebalulekileyo kurhulumente waseIndiya njengoko ikhuthaza umgangatho wokuphila kubemi bayo.
Ezinye izilungiso zenzeke phantsi kweenkqubo zentlalo-ntle kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwalo nyaka.
1. Izindlu ezingama-80 lakh zonke zimiselwe ukuba zigqitywe kulo nyaka phantsi kwe-PM Awas Yojana.
2. I-3.8 yezigidi zemizi yaseIndiya iya ku-inshorwa phantsi kwenkqubo ye-Har Ghar Nal Se Jal ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamanzi oluqhubekayo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nasezidolophini.
3. Kuya kuphehlelelwa iprogram ye-aspirational block programme yokuphuhlisa iibhloko ezisilela kuzo zonke izithili zolangazelelo (aspirational blocks) zize zisiwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
4. Ugxininiso olusondeleyo luya kubekwa kwiilali ezikuMda oseMntla ezingahoywanga ngokwembono yeenzuzo zophuhliso phantsi kweNkqubo yeeVibrant Villages.
Ingxelo yokuqukumbela
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomanyano luka-2022 lubone inkcitho karhulumente iyonke ye-Rs. 3,944,909 crores, ngaphezulu kancinci kwinkcitho yonyaka ophelileyo.
Nangona amanye amacandelo ebone ukusikwa kulwabiwo lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, amanye amacandelo afana nedijithali, itekhnoloji, kunye neziseko zophuhliso, ebekwizinga eliphezulu kunangaphambili.
Kukho ugxininiso olucacileyo lokwenza i-Indiya ibe yedijithali kunye neenkqubo ezininzi zokuphehlelelwa ukukhuthaza ukuqhubela phambili kobugcisa ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo elizwe.
Shiya iMpendulo