Muva nje, izwe elincane laseMelika Ephakathi, i-El Salvador, liphinde laba sematheni.
Lokhu kudalwe yisimo esibucayi somnotho esizohlasela izwe. Ngonyaka odlule, i-El Salvador yaba izwe lokuqala ukwenza i-Bitcoin ithenda esemthethweni, ngethemba lokuthi izosindisa isizwe ekuwohlokeni komnotho futhi inciphise ukuncika kwayo eDola lase-US.
Nokho, njengoba kuvele, ukugembula kukaMongameli wase-El Salvador uNayib Bukele nge-cryptocurrency kubangele imiphumela embi kakhulu enkingeni yezikweletu zezwe. Inani leBitcoin lehle lafinyelela ku-45% kusukela ngoSepthemba, ngesikhathi uBukele ethula uhlelo.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-Bitcoin kwezigidi ezingu-150 kuye kwabangela umthwalo owengeziwe ku-exchequer yezwe. I-investimenti cishe i-4% yendawo egciniwe yezwe.
Manje ake singene sijule engxoxweni futhi siqonde izimbangela nemiphumela yokopha komnotho wase-El Salvador.
Background
I-El Salvador iyizwe elincane futhi elinabantu abaningi eMelika Ephakathi. Umlando wayo ugcwele izimpi zombango eziqhubekayo, izinga eliphezulu lobugebengu, ukukhula komnotho okungaguquki, nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
Eyaziwa futhi ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lobugebengu emhlabeni, i-El Salvador yabeka imali yayo, i-El Salvadoran Colon, ngeDola laseMelika ngo-2001 ukuze ihlenge umnotho wayo ekuweni okukhulu kanye nethemba lokuheha abatshalizimali abaningi bangaphandle kanye nezivakashi ezweni. .
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangemva kokwethulwa kweDola laseMelika, umnotho wezwe awukwazanga ukubona ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwamanye amazwe noma izivakashi. Kwakungenxa yenkohlakalo ephezulu nezinga lobugebengu. Nakuba izwe linemali yalo yasekhaya, ayivamile ukusetshenziswa izakhamuzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izwe lingenayo imakethe enkulu yokuthumela ngaphandle futhi linempahla ephezulu, kunomthwalo omkhulu ebhalansi yokukhokha. Lokhu kudale ukushoda okukhulu kwesabelomali kanye nezikweletu eziphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, uMongameli uBukele waphasisa umthetho owenza i-Bitcoin ithenda esemthethweni yokuheha abatshalizimali bamazwe angaphandle kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwayo kuDola laseMelika kanye nezimali ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe njengomthombo wokulondoloza.
Umbono wawuwukuthi ukunyuka kwenani le-Bitcoin kuzosiza izwe lehlise izikweletu zalo futhi ligcine ibhalansi yokukhokha.
Ngalokhu, i-El Salvador yaba izwe lokuqala ukuqaphela i-Bitcoin njengohlobo lwemali olusemthethweni. Uhulumeni waqhubeka wamemezela ukuthi noma ubani angathola ubuzwe e-El Salvador ngokutshala 3 Bitcoins ezweni.
Iphinde yakha isu lokwakha isikhungo sezimayini ze-crypto esinamandla entabamlilo kanye nedolobha futhi yethule eyokuqala ene-bitcoin-powered. izibopho zobukhosi.
Ngisho nangemva kwazo zonke lezi zinhlelo, ucwaningo lubonakala lwehlulekile futhi selubangele omunye umthwalo kubantu abavamile bezwe. Manje umbuzo uwukuthi inkinga yezomnotho eyenziwe yi-Bitcoin iholele kanjani izwe ekuweni okucishe kube umnotho.
Yini Eholele Kule Nkinga Yezomnotho
I-El Salvador yayisivele ibhekene nenkinga enkulu yezomnotho ngaphambi kwe-Bitcoin Blunder. Futhi ukwenza i-Bitcoin ithenda esemthethweni yengeze uphethiloli emlilweni.
Isikweletu sezwe sikhuphuke sisuka ku- $19 billion ngoDisemba 2019 saya ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-24 zamaRandi ngo-2022, kanti isikweletu ku-GDP ratio sifinyelele phezulu safinyelela kuma-87%.
Nakuba utshalomali lwe-Bitcoin lumelele kuphela u-4% wendawo egciniwe yezwe, ngokuqinisekile luthinte umnotho wase-El Salvador. Lokhu kuba yinhlekelele ezweni eline-GDP engu-$25 billion kuphela.
Ngaphandle kwenkinga yokukhokhwa kwezikweletu, ukuwa kwemakethe yamasheya yaseMelika, kanye nokwenyuka kwamandla emali emhlabeni wonke, kudale elinye ikhanda elibuhlungu ezweni. Ngenxa yalokho, izikhungo ezinkulu zezikweletu zehlise izinga lezwe lesikweletu. Manje sekunzima kakhulu ukumema abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe.
Isibonelo, i-Moodys yehlise isilinganiso sesikweletu se-El Salvador saba ku-Caa3, okubonisa ukuthi izwe lisonqenqemeni lokungakhokhi futhi akuyona inketho ephephile yokutshalwa kwezimali. Nakuba izimali ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zisekela cishe u-25% wemisebenzi yezomnotho, udlame, nokungavikeleki kunomthelela omubi ekukhiqizeni nasekukhuleni kwesikhathi eside kwesizwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Bitcoin Gamble yehlise ukuzethemba kwe-International Monetary Fund ukuthi izokweseka izwe. I-El Salvador icele u-$1.3 billion ku-IMF ukuze ilinganisele ukushoda kwe-akhawunti yayo kanye nokukhokhwa kwezikweletu.
Kodwa-ke, le nhlangano icele uhulumeni ukuthi asuse i-Bitcoin njengethenda esemthethweni. Iphinde yacela ukuletha izinguquko kwezomnotho ukuze ithole isikhwama sokutakulwa.
Ukwenyuka kwamandla emali, i Isitoko sase-US Ukwehla kwezimakethe, kanye nokuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine kubangele ukuthi i-cryptocurrency ilahlekelwe yi- $ 1.3 trillion ngesikhashana nje.
Inani le-Bitcoin lincishisiwe laya kuhhafu kusukela ngo-September 2021, okwenza inani lokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-Bitcoin lase-El Salvador lehle laya ku-$67.9 million lisuka ku-$104 million. I-Bitcoin isiphenduke umthwalo owengeziwe enkingeni Yezikweletu zezwe, okumele ikhulule cishe u-$1.12 billion ngenzalo namabhondi avuthiwe ngo-2023.
Kodwa, uBukele usasebenzisa umgcinimafa kahulumeni ukuthenga i-Bitcoin kulokhu kuntengantenga, ngaleyo ndlela ephushela izwe emphethweni wokuwa komnotho. Khonamanjalo, umemezele nezinhlelo zokwakha idolobha leBitcoin elixhaswe ngokugcwele yiBitcoin.
Isimo Samanje
Izinyathelo zikaBukele zokuzama ukusindisa umnotho waseSalvador zibonakala zinomphumela ophambene futhi seziyingxenye yenkinga ngokwayo.
Ngokuncipha kokuzethemba kwabatshalizimali kumabhondi azimele aseSalvador kanye nokwehluleka kweBitcoin, le nqubomgomo ibeke izwe esimweni esinzima.
Uhulumeni usetshale imali elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-425 zamarandi ekwakheni i-ecosystem ye-bitcoin ezweni. Kuhlanganisa ukwethulwa kwesikhwama kazwelonke se-virtual Chivo (isiLatin esisho “okupholile”) ukuze kube lula ukukhokha nge-bitcoin. Baphinde banikeze isikhuthazo sika-$30 kubantu ababhalise ohlelweni lokusebenza.
Kodwa-ke, ezweni lapho i-70% yabantu ingakabikho uxhumano lwe-inthanethi, i-bitcoin namanje ayithandwa yizakhamizi. Futhi isikhwama seChivo asisetshenziswa yizakhamizi ngemuva kokuthola isikhuthazo.
Kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali akuzange kuhluleke kuwo wonke amazinga. Ukwenza ithenda esemthethweni ye-bitcoin kumeme abathanda i-crypto njengabavakashi ezweni. Imboni yezokuvakasha yase-El Salvador inyuke ngama-30% kusukela ngoSepthemba. Futhi okuthakazelisayo, iningi labavakashi livela e-US.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Chivo luzosiza futhi izakhamizi ukuthi zithumele izimali ezivela emazweni angaphandle ngezindleko zesevisi ezivamile. Ngaphambilini, izindleko zesevisi zokudlulisa izinkokhelo zaziphezulu ngokungu-10%.
Nokho, isikhwama sisazothatha isikhathi ukuthi sisetshenziswe abantu ngezinga elikhulu. Kusukela ngo-2022, isikhwama se-Chivo sacubungula kuphela u-1.6% wemali ethunyelwe.
Yini Okulandelayo E-El Salvador
Mayelana nokukhokhwa kwezikweletu, izwe libukeka linezinketho ezimbili. Okokuqala, uBukele kufanele amukele izimo ze-IMF ekususeni i-bitcoin njengethenda esemthethweni futhi ethule izinguquko ezinkulu kwezomnotho.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungase kubuyisele emuva ukuthandwa kukaMongameli we-Autocrat uNayib Bukele. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi uBukele unezinhlelo ezivelele ze-cryptocurrency kanye nokugcina imigomo yakhe yabantu abaningi, le nketho ayibonakali isebenzayo.
Enye indlela, njengoba kushiwo uRicardo Castaneda, isazi sezomnotho esiphezulu e-Central American Institute for Fiscal Studies (ICEFI), iwukucela amaBhange Okuthuthukisa Amazwe Aphakathi NaseLatin America, i-CABEI ne-CAF, ukuthi ixhase ngezimali inkokhelo yabo yemalimboleko. Kungenjalo, uhulumeni kungase kudingeke enze isikhwama sempesheni sibe sikahulumeni ukuze silondoloze ukushoda kwezimali.
Ngokuqondene neBitcoin, uhulumeni uzama inhlanhla emakethe eguquguqukayo kakhulu lapho ukungaqiniseki kuqhamuka kuzo zonke izizwe nabatshalizimali noma ngabe yi-inflation, stock market, noma impi. Lokhu kudale ukwehla okukhulu kwesidingo emnothweni womhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba isilinganiso sezwe sesikweletu sesivele sehlisiwe ngenxa yezikweletu eziphezulu, ubudlova, kanye nokugembula kukahulumeni we-crypto, abatshalizimali abazimisele ukupompa imali emnothweni owela phansi.
Nakuba abantu baseSalvador bethola enye yezimali eziphuma kwamanye amazwe eziphezulu kakhulu, ngeke zibasindise ekusondeleni noma kuphi lapho besondela ekwehliseni ukushoda kwezimali zabo.
Kodwa akuzona zonke eziya phansi. Ngenxa yezinqubomgomo zakhe zokunciphisa izinga lobugebengu nokuphatha ngempumelelo ngesikhathi se-covid-19, uMongameli ugcine elinye lamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu ezilinganiso zokugunyazwa kunoma yimuphi umongameli emhlabeni. Izilinganiso zokugunyaza kwakhe zingaphezu kwama-85%.
Isiphetho
Kusukela kwethulwa amabhondi okuqala e-bitcoin emhlabeni kuya ekudaleni idolobha le-bitcoin elixhaswe yintaba-mlilo, amacebo kaNayib Bukele makhulu kakhulu. Nokho, njengoba umhlaba ungeke uzinze eminyakeni ezayo, kuzojabulisa ukubona ukuthi i-El Salvador izokwazi kanjani ukudlula ezikhathini ezinzima.
UBukele angase akhokhele izidingo zokukhokha isikweletu okwamanje. Kodwa, ukukhula kwakhe okuqinile kwezoBulungiswa nokubusa kuye kwawohloza kakhulu amathuba okuthola usizo ezikhungweni zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngakho-ke, kusazobonakala ukuthi i-El Salvador izozinza kanjani esikhathini esizayo, njengoba inkinga yezomnotho ngeke iphele maduze.
shiya impendulo